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11 






PRIEST 











JOYCL PROCtii. 



NEW NATIONAL THEATRE. 




W. W. RAPLEi', PROPRIETOR. 



New National Theater, 



WASHINGTON, D. C, 



A RECORD OF FIFTY YEARS 



BY 



Alexander Hunter and J. H. Polkinhorn. 



Illustrated by J. Ellsworth Clark. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. : 

K. O. POLKINHORN & SON, PRINTERS, 

I8S5. 



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cfMiPCE [!?!!< ?'*V.'N 



.JUL ? 5 »2g 



INTROB.UCTION 



. In a work of this character, primarily intended for information 
■and entertainment, it is obvious that elaborate criticisms on the 
subjects presented in its pages would be inappropriate. 

In preparing the work, we have not attempted to make it a ve- 
hicle for the expression of personal views, but as far as was con- 
sistent with the nature of the case, have confined ourselves to the 
historical relation of facts without assuming the function of ad- 
vocate or judge. In instances which seemed to demand a ver- 
dict, we have endeavored to present illustrations of evidence 
rather than exhibitions of argument. 

We would be ungrateful if we failed in this connection to men- 
tion the kindness of our friends in preparing these pages. The 
introductory chapter on early theaters is from the pen of Dr. Frank 
T. Howe, of this city, as is also much other interesting matter. To 
the untiring labor of Major Alexander Hunter, the credit of the 
entire work practically belongs. In season and out, he labored 
assiduously, always willing to render all the assistance in his 
power. The illustrations by Mr. J. Ellsworth Clark have been 
secured under great difficulty. They were -taken as the build- 
ing progressed, and the length of time required to photo-en- - 
grave necessarily restricted him in the number selected. To Mr. 
E. T. McNerhany, are we also indebted for valuable assistance. 

J. H. P. 



THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. 

EARLY PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 

CHAPTER I. 

The Washington of to-day is a city of which its people and., 
in fact, the whole nation is justly proud. Its broad streets and 
avenues are covered with asphalt pavement, smooth as a floor and 
easily kept clean; its sidewalks are bordered with trees and fringed 
with verdant parking; its public buildings have multiplied and 
been enlarged; and numerous statues presenting in monumental 
brass the heroes of our country's history adorn its various 
squares and parks. 

The population of the city is fast approaching a quarter of a 
million, and the character and standing of the new comers make 
them desirable acquisitions. Elegant private residences and im- 
posing business houses adorn its thoroughfares, while the great 
number of medium-sized dwellings testify to the comfortable and 
prosperous condition of the mass of its citizens. 

"With all this material prosperity of the city has come a corres- 
ponding intellectual development of the people. Our public 
school system is second to none in the country; our colleges and 
private educational institutions take the highest rank; our mu- 
seums afford the most ample opportunity for the studies and in- 
vestigations 'of scientists, while the Corcoran Art Gallery gives an 
incentive to the youthful artist b}' presenting for his emulation 
the works of the masters in painting and sculpture; our musical 
knowledge is more generally diffused and of a higher standard 
than that of any city of its size in the Union, and many of our 
amateur endeavors in this respect compare favorably with the 
representations of professional artists; our taste for the drama is 
of the highest order and the stamp of approval of a Washington 
audience is coming to be regarded as requisite to the success of a 
new star or a new play. 

All this refinement and culture, this elevated taste and critical 
judgment has been the growth of nearly a century. It is eighty- 
five years since AVashington was taken possession of as -the Capi- 
tal of the United States and in that early period it gave little prom- 
ise of its present beautiful appearance and intelligent population. 

When Maj. L. Enfant, whose advent is chronicled in the George- 
town Weekly Record in the year 1794, where he is called a " dis- 



6 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

tinguished astronomer," commenced his work of laying out the 
capital city, he had but little to encourage him save his enthusi- 
astic belief in the future of the young Republic, and the same is 
probably true of Maj. Ellicott, whom the journal above quoted 
also styled "a distinguished astronomer;" when he started to lay 
out the ten miles square of territory, which was to constitute the 
future District of Columbia. 

STROLLING COMEDIANS. 

Yet even in those early days the people living in Georgetown 
were occasionally visited by bands of strolling players, who gave 
performances for the entertainment of the inhabitants of that an- 
cient burg, and among the archives of that town, which has now 
lost its autonomy and become merged in the City of Washington, . 
it is found that in the year 1799 there appeared in that ancient 
burg a company of strolling comedians, under the directorship of 
Archibald Marlborough Hamilton Sterling, for the purpose of 
giving a series of performances. It is also stated that this mana- 
ger with the high sounding name petitioned the town authorities 
in behalf of himself and associates to remit the onerous tax that 
was imposed upon theatrical representations, amounting to $6 per 
night, and that the selectmen met and graciously consented to 
suspend the operation of this tax while the comedians were in 
town. It may well be imagined that the theatrical performances 
of that period were given in a very primitive manner, for there 
was no gas nor elaborate mechanical effects, and much of the cir- 
cumstances attending the plot of the play and its development 
was left to the imagination of the audience. The entertainment 
commenced at early candle light and probably lasted the regula- 
tion length of three or f our hours. 

In searching for the early history of the drama in the District 
there was found in the possession of Mr. L. Moxley an old poster 
ten by twelve inches in size, which announced the last two nights 
of the "Old American Company," when the comedies of the 
"School for Scandal" and "Love a La Mode" would be presented. 
Mr. Moxley stated that this poster which gave the date of the per- 
formance as Nov. 16, 1786, came from the collection of theatrical 
programmes made by the late Peter Force, and that Mr. Force 
asserted that the performance took place in a theater which was 
located on the south side of Pennsylvania avenue between Four- 
and-a-Half and Sixth streets on the spot now occupied by Young's 
coach factory. It is probable that the performance took place in 
some other city, most likely Philadelphia, for Washington at 
that date was nothing but a wilderness. 

That there was in the earlydays a dearth of amusements here^ . 
and that the deprivation was felt, is shown by a Chronicle of 
the year 1796, which refers to the barrenness of theatricals, and 
publishes from a London paper the announcement of the fact that* 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 7 

a new play had been brought out at a Venitian theater with univer 
sal applause, entitled 

"TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA," 

(altered from Shakespeare), with Sig. Buonaparte in the role of 
First Gentleman, and Sig. Beaulien in that of Second Gentleman, 
&c, with a triumphant entry into Milan, in which an archbishop, 
danced a hornpipe. It was stated to be the intention of the com- 
pany to visit London. This was the time that the great Napoleon 
was spreading terror throughout all Europe, and it was feared 
that his triumphant march would not be checked before he should 
make an assault upon the British capital. 

Probably the first theatrical performance that took place in 
Washington was given in the year 1800, at the " Great Hotel," a 
tavern of considerable proportions, which was kept by a man 
named Blodgett, and was located on the ground now occupied by 
the General Post Office. Whether this Blodgett was the origina- 
tor of the celebrated Blodgett claim, which has created such a stir- 
in the District the past few years is not known. The plays that 
were presented on that occasion, or the actors who participated 
cannot be ascertained, but there is authentic record that the per- 
formance took place. 

THE FI3ST THEATER. 

That the early settlers were anxious for amusements is evi- 
denced by the fact that the first theater was erected in 1804. It was 
situated on the corner of Eleventh and C streets, on the site where 
the Theater Comique now stands: A stock company built it, and 
they gave it no other name than "The Theater." It lasted for 
several years, but was at length burned down, and was it sold to 
the elder Carusi in 1822, who reconstructed it, and named it the City 
Assembly Rooms. Here Carusi held his dancing academy, and in 
this hall were held many notable parties and balls, attended by 
the best people in the District. In 1857, after the National Thea- 
ter was burned down the second time, Caursi's saloon was remod- 
eled into a theater, and excellent performances took place there 
for long series of years before it became a variety hall. It was 
called the Washington Theater, and among the many notable en- 
gagements was one of two weeks, which took place in March, 1865, 
at the time of President Lincoln's second inauguration, by the 
Wallack and Davenport Combination, which introduced besides 
these distinguished actors, Miss Rose Etynge, Harry Placide and 
others. The first week was devoted to the new play of "How 
She Loves Him," with Wallack as the stuttering Tom VaciJ y 
Davenport as Capt. Gaicley, Harry Placide as Diogens, and Rose 
Etynge as Atlanta Cruiser. The second week was given to Eng- 
lish Comedy and " The School for Scandal," "Honeymoon" and 
" Still Waters Run Deep" were presented. 



8 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

The next theater built here was erected on Louisiana avenue, 
just east of Sixth street, and was first called " The Washington 
Theater" and afterwards "The American Theater." It must 
have been built some time early in the twenties, for there is a 
record of its having been greatly enlarged and improved in 1828. 
This theater enjoyed great popularity and success for a long se- 
ries of years, as it had no opposition until the National was built, 
and at the opening address of the season, during which the Na- 
tional was completed, there was expressed a hope that the pa- 
trons of the establishment would not run after strange gods nor 
forsake old and tried friends for new ones. In this theater were 
held two inauguration balls and several balls and receptions by 
local military organizations. During the war it too, became a va- 
riety hall, and was known as " The Canterbury." If its mass of 
ruins could speak, they could tell many tales of struggling genius, 
of triumph and disappointment, of joy and sorrow, of success and 
despair. 

OTHER THEATERS ERECTED. 

With the American, Washington and National Theaters, the 
greater portion of the history of the District is closely interwoven, 
and yet there have been other theaters which it will not be out of 
place to name in this connection. On Pennsylvania avenue, be- 
tween Four and-a-half and Sixth streets, the locality referred to 
by Mr. Moxley as having been designated by the late Peter Force, 
as the one when the 1786 performance had taken place, there was 
a theater called "The Adelphi," which, however, was not erected 
until after the building of the three principal theaters mentioned. 
It enjoyed- several years of prosperity, however, but succumbed 
to its more popular rival, the National. It was destroyed by fire 
in 1860. 

Ford's Tenth-street theater is well remembered by those in mid- 
dle life, as well for the enjoyable performances that were wit- 
nessed there, as for the tragic event which forever closed its doors 
as a place of amusement. The original building was a Baptist 
church, in which the late Rev. Obediah Brown used to preach, 
and was altered into a theater in 1858, after the National had been 
burned the second time. After a brief existence of only about 
a year, this new theater was destroyed by fire, and the goody- 
good people said it was a judgment against those who had turned 
a house of worship into a play-house. Il was rebuilt, however, 
and had a prosperous career during the war, until the enactment 
within its walls of the • most tragic episode in our National 
history, viz. : the assassination of President Lincoln by John 
Wilkes Booth. 

Then there was the Oxford, which was erected on the site on 
-which Ford's Opera House now stands, and run an active com- 
petition with the Canterbury in the variety line. Mr. Wm. L. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 9 

Wall then purchased the property, and remodeled the building, 
which was for many years known as Wall's Opera House, and 
was the scene of many notable performances. Laura Keene, J. 
W. Wallack, Jr. and Edwin Forrest gave their last representa- 
tions in this city on the stage of this Opera House, while its curtain 
was rung down on the death scene of poor Helen Western, who 
expired the following day at the Kirkwood House, a hotel which 
stood on the site of the present Shepherd building, at the corner 
of Twelfth street and Pennsylvania avenue. Fire seemed to have 
an especial fondness for the theaters here, for. this Opera House 
was also burned, and on its being rebuilt was re-christened Ford's, 
taking the name of its lessee. 

PUBLIC HALLS IN THE DISTRICT. 

The Iron Hall, as it was once called, was* the hall over'the store 
now occupied by Mr. Edward Droop, ISTo. 925 Pennsylvania ave- 
nue, and is at present utilized as a photograph establishment. In 
ante-bellum clays manj^'excellent performances took place here and 
it was on the boards of this hall that Mr. Stuart Robson made his 
first ambitious attempts, which by the wav were lamentable fail- 
ures. The hall was altered by the late W. G. Metzerott, and was 
a favorite resort for concert troupes, magicians, &c. The gifted 
Parepa sang for the first time in Washington in Metzerott Hall 
as did also Mrs. Seguin, or Zelda Harrison as she then was. Hel- 
ler, the elder Hermann and other professors of the black art, drew 
large crowds at this hall. During the days of the Territorial Gov- 
ernment it was occupied by the legislative assembly and after the 
experiences of its feather duster heroes, the old hall was turned 
over to business, and has since been occupied by various photo- 
graphers. 

Forrest Hall in Georgetown is one of the old land marks of that 
older city. The date of its birth is lost in the obscurity of the 
diai past, and it is by no means certain that the strolling players 
of the last century did not make this their stopping place. It has 
probably seen within its walls every class of entertainment from a 
glove set-to up to a S hakes perean representation, and about its 
history cluster many interesting reminiscences. 

There were two Odd Fellows' Halls, one on 7th street between 
D and E streets, and the other on 8th street east or Isavy Yard as 
it was then called. This latter hall was for many years occasion- 
ally visited by dramatic and musical organizations who were 
gladly welcomed and eagerly patronized by the Capitil Hillians. 
for in the days before the horse-cars it wa= quite a journej* to 
come up into the city. The hall on 7th street was for a long 
while the principal hall in the city for the holding of concerts, 
school exhibitions and light entertainments and dramatic repre- 
sentations were accasionally given there. It was the home 
of the negro minstrel, and many a distinguished knight of 



10 



HISTOKY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 



the burnt cork, made his first bow to a Washington audience 
behind the foot-lights of Odd Fellows Hall. 

Willard's Hall on F street, in the rear of Willard's Hotel, has a 
pleasant history dating back for several years. It was there that 
the first regular course of lectures was ever given in this city, and 
that was in 1864, and was inquired by an association, know as the 
Washington Lyceum composed of War Department clerks. 
During this season E. P. Whipple, P. T. Barnum, George Yan- 

denhoff, the elder, 
and other well 
known lecturers ap- 
peared. The pianist 
Gottschalk gave his 
last concert in this 
city at Williard's 
Hall, being assisted 
by Mad. Yarrien, 
| Ed. Hoffman and 
jj Carlo Patti, the vio- 
f linist, a brother of 
the great Adalina. 
The other, halls 
of the district are 
comparativly of re- 
cent date, though 
their history so far 
as the original in- 
tention in their construction is completed. Carroll, Lincoln, 
Seaton and Metropolitan Halls are things of the past. The most 
notable event in the life of the first, was the readings of Chas. 
Dickens during the last visit to this city. Lincoln Hall, where 
Christine Nilsson made her first appearance in the National Capi- 
tal, is now an Opera House at cheap prices. Seaton Hall has been 
turned into a billiard saloon, and the Metropolitan Hall has been 
promoted to a Dime Museum. The Masonic Temple and Congre- 
gational Church still fulfil the intentions of their projectors. 




GALLERY GAS-/IET. 



MODEL HOUSE OF THE DRAMA. 



This sketch has been written with a desire to place in- one brief 
record all the. various places of amusement that have been erec- 
ted in the District, during its life of over three-quarters of a cen- 
tury. Improvements have been very great in architectural style,, 
and in all the interijr appointments, both of auditorium and stage 
since the first theater was erected in 1804, and the handsome Opera 
House built last year by the Washington Light Infantry Corps, is 
a fine sample of the modern home of the drama. Now, however, 
the sixth edition of the National Theater, for this is the sixth thea- 
ter that has been erected on this site, is presented to the people of 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL TAEATER. 11 

the city of Washington in the form of a building in which the 
very latest improvements in every department have been utilized. 
Its awkward appearance is severely plain, but it gives the impression 
of massiveness and solidity. Within nothing has been omitted 
which could contribute in any degree to the comfort or convenience 
of its patrons while the decorations and ornamentation bear evidence 
of refined taste and skilled workmanship. The stage is spacious and 
is fully equipped with all the latest appliances for scenic and me- 
chanical effects. In fact it is believed to be a Model Theater in 
every respect. 

The National Theater has already enjoyed an existence of half 
a century and it is for the purpose of grouping the most notable 
events in its career of fifty years that the following data has been 
obtained after much diligent and extensive research. The inci- 
dents are arranged in chronological order, and will be found to 
record not only the progress and developement of the drama in 
the District during that period, but also to present interesting 
phases in the lives of many of the greatest lights in the theatrical 
firmament who have now gone "to that bourne from whence no 
traveller returns." 

THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

WASHINGTON IN 1833. 

Fifty years ago the Nation's Capital was the most ill-conditioned 
city on the continent. A city of magnificent distances, whose broad 
avenues were laid out, but not builded upon, the streets unpaved 
and full of huge holes and hog wallows, and the pavements in 
the worst possible condition. Pennsylvania avenue was in the 
winter and spring a vast quagmire through which vehicles toiled 
with extreme difficulty; slush was king, aid mud monarch. 

On either side of this thoroughfare were, at irregular intervals, 
houses of all kinds, sizes and materials— many of them being 
frame in the last stages of dilapidation. 

Washington was then a dead city, with no trade, and kept 
alive only "by the money of the Government employees. 

Charles Dickens, in his American notes, writing up the town as 
late as 1842, says: 

Here is Washington, fresh in my mind and under my eye. Take the 
worst part of the straggling outskirts of Paris, where the houses are the 
smallest, preserving all the oddities, especially the small shops and dwel- 
lings— Durn the whole down— build it un again in wood and plaster, widen 
it a little, throw in a part of St. John's Wood, put green blinds outside all 
the private houses, with a red curtain and a white one in every window, 
plough up the roads, erect three handsome buildings in stone and marble 
anywhere, but more entirely out of everybody's way the better, call one 
the Post Office, one the Patent Office, and one the Treasury. Mike it 
scorching hot in the morning, and freezing cold in the evening, with an 
occasional tornado of wind and dust, leave a brickfield in all central places, 
where a street may be naturally expected, and that's Washington. 



12 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

The town boasted of no theaters worthy of the name, though 
there were several places of amusement. The city was small and 
straggling, and full houses could not be hoped for except during 
the sittings of Congress. 

Yet every one acknowledged that the Capital of the United 
States ought to have a theater worthy of the name, and several 
patriotic citizens of the city met together and determined to form 
a stock company, raise funds, and erect a handsome edifice.. The 
agitation of the new theater project culminated in a meeting held 
Sept. 17, 1834, when stock was subscribed for the enterprise, an 
association was formed, and Messrs. Henry Randall, Richard 
Smith, Pornelius McLean, jr., George Gibson, and William Brent 
were appointed a board of managers to select and purchase a lot 
of ground and erect suitable buildings for the purpose. These 
U'entlemen occupied some little time in looking at sites which 
were offered, but finally determined upon lots 3 and 4, in square 
254, which were purchased by them from John Mason, the deed 
bearing date of Oct. 16, 1834, and reciting the object for which 
the land was bought, viz, the erection and maintaining of a thea- 
ter. It seems that some of those, who were enthusiastic at the out- 
set of the project failed to come to time with their subscriptions, 
and as the building progressed more money was needed, so on 
July 6, 1835, a deed was made by the managers to W. W. Cor- 
coran, who had advised the selection of the site agreed upon, and 
on the following day Mr. Corcoran reconveyed the property to the 
trustees who were then Messrs. Henry Randall, William L. Brent, 
Richard Smith, and B. O. Tayloe. 

THE SITE CHOSEN. 

The spot was chosen, after a thorough examination and research, 
where the present stately building now stands. There was much 
difference of opinion among the stockholders before a conclusion 
was reached. The bulk of the city proper was grouped around 
the Capitol, and the buildings grew fewer and smaller as they ap- 
proached the White House, hence a minority of the stockholders 
strongly urged the building of the theater as near the center of 
population as possible, and chose Capitol Hill, but the majority 
of the capitalists, led by the venerable W. W. Corcoran, Esq., saw 
with a prophetic eye that the tide of wealth and fashion must sooner 
or later concentrate around the President's mansion, and, so reason- 
ing, they determined to lay the corner stone of the new temple on 
the place selected by Mr. Corcoran, being the same that the New 
National, just finished, occupies. Their judgment was vindicate! 
by time, but not in their time; yet they builded for posterity better 
than they knew. 

WHY IT WAS NAMED THE NATIONAL. 

In the fall of 1835 the spacious edifice was completed, and at 
a meeting of stockholders on Novembar 3d, the subject of a fitting 



HISTORY' OF THE NEW NATIONAL' THEATER. 13 

name was broached, and the members invited to propose a title. 
After each one had made his speech and submitted his choice, the 
committee unanimously decided to call this virgin theater the 
National. The name was typical. It was to be a house of en- 
tertainment, not so much for its own clannish citizens, as for the 
representatives of the whole Union; therefore, when the corner 
stone was laid it had that appropriate American word carved on 
its granite. 

THE FIRST ADVERTISEMENT. 

The first notice concerning the National that ever appeared in 
print was an offer of $50 for the best original poetical ^address to 
be spoken on the opening night. Many competed, but the prize 
was awarded to a Mr. Vose, of Baltimore. 

The following description of the building is tak en from k the 
National Intelligencer: 

A DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW THE\TEE. 

The lovers of the drama will he pleased to learn that this new and beau- 
tiful theater will certainly open on Monday next. The lessees (M essrs May- 
wood, Rowbothani and Pratt, the proprietors of the Chestnut St. Theater, 
Philadelphia), have made the necessary arrangements for this purpose. 
The construction of the theater is admirable, both for its commodiousness 
and for seeing and hearing. The arrangements of the seats are very con- 
venient, and the decorations will he elegant in every respect. The dome 
of the theatre is finished, and is a most beautiful thing of its kind, and 
when the house is lighted up the effect will he exceedingly brilliant. It 
is painted of a pale cerulean blue color, and is divided into four allegori- 
cal designs. 

The first represents the Genius of the Institutions of the country, desig- 
nated by Power and Wisdom repelling Tyranny and Superstition. The 
second represents Truth at the Altar, from which the Spirits of War and 
Peace have taken the Sword and Torch. The third represents the God- 
dess of Wisdom presenting a medallion of Washington to the Genius of 
Liberty, who returns a wreath to crown her favorite son. Fame proclaim- 
ing Victory and Peace. The last represents Justice protecting and guid- 
ing the Commerce and Manufactures of America. 

The artist is a Mr. White, from New York. It will add to the public 
gratification when it is discovered that the whole of the ornaments of the 
interior are of a national character, representing either by allegorical de- 
signs or historical illustrations important events in the history of the 
country ; this is as it should be in a National Theater. The painting of 
the principal scenery is entrusted to Mr. Kerr. In consequence of the 
new plan of fitting up the theatre, it is advisable to observe that the pit is 
done away with and the space occupied by what is termed a " parquet, - ' 
which is connected with the lower boxes* and so fitted up that it will be 
equally desirable for the ladies to frequent as the lower boxes. The en- 
trance and the price to the parquet and first tier of boxes will be the same, 
as the convenience and the gratification of the ladies have been consulted 
on this occasion. 

The second tier of boxes will be fitted up quite as handsomely as the 
lower tier, and will be equally as commodious ; but to meet the wishes of 
the citizens generally, and the constant play-goers, the price of admission 
will be considerably less. This tier of boxes will have the advantage of a 
handsome saloon being attached to it, where coffee, fruit, and confection- 
ery will be served. The gods will be pleased to see that their comforts 
have been duly attended to, and they will find very convenient and excel- 
lent quarters in the usual place at the usual prices. 



14 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

THE FIRST PROGRAMME. 
USTIEJW IsTATIOUAL T JB3I IE A. T IE ^/ . 

Ma ywood, Rowbothau & Pratt Lessees and Managers. 

i (Also of the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia.) 

J. G. Pratt Business Manager. 

ENGAGEMENT OF THE LONDON AND EDINBURGH DRAMATIC COMPANY. 

This Evening, December 7, 1835, will he presented the following Prologue 

and Prize Address by Mrs. Hughes, and Nacklen's 

Celebrated Comedy of 

THE MAN OF THE WORLD. 

Sir Pertinax Macsycophant - Mr. Maywood 

Egerton, (from the London and Philadelphia Theaters) Mr. Cline 

Lord Lumbercourt Mr. Jefferson 

Lidney, (his first appearance here) .Mr. Senior 

Melville, (his first appearance here) Mr. Tavlor 

Counsellor Plausible, (from the Chestnut Street Theater) Mr. Eberle 

Sergeant Eithside Mr. Knight 

Sam , (first appearance here) Mr. Thompson 

John, (first appearance here) Mr. Caldwell 

TompKins, (first appearance here) Mr. Weston 

Lady Rodolpha Lumbercourt Mrs. Hughes 

Lady Macsycophant, (her first appearance here) Mrs. Burke 

Constantia Mrs. Knight 

Betty Flint Mrs. Jefferson 

Nanny Mrs. Baugges 

The entertainment to conclude with the Musical Farce 

TURN OUT. 

Restive, (from the Chestnut Street Theater) Mr. Jones 

Captain Summerville Mr. Taylor 

(in which he will sing "The Soldier's Tear," and "Wil't 
Thou Meet Me There, Love.") 

Gregory Mr. Eberle 

Dr. Truckle Mr. Jefferson 

Forage Mr. Knight 

Cook Mr. Caldwell 

Gardener Mr. Thompson 

Boy Master Burke 

Marian Ramsey Mrs. Jefferson 

(In which she will sing " I am Marian Ramsey.") 
Peggy Mrs. Burke 

Trices of admission : First tier of Boxes and Parquet, $1.00 ; second tier, 
60 cents ; third tier, 50 cents ; gallery, 25 cents ; gallery for people of color, 
25 cents. Doors to be opened at a quarter past six, and performance to 
commence at seven o'clock precisely. Checxs not transfei'able. 

OPINION OF THE PRESS. 

The opening night was a great success, and encouraged the 
stockholders with strong hopes that their money had been well 
invested. The following notice of the opening appeared in the 
morning paper : 

The new and magnificenl aent was finely patronized on Mon- 

day evening, December Ti h, 1855, by a very full house. The parquet and 
boxes were filled with Ladies and gentlemen, and the "tout ensemble" 
must have formed a highly gratifying "coup d'oeil " to the spirited man- 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 



15 



ager, precursor, it is hoped, of what he may expect throughout the sea- 
son, providing he realizes the assurance and promises which he has made. 
The form of the first tier of boxes is embellished with slight sketches in 
imitation of bas-relief, and surrounded by correspondent ornaments rep- 
resenting- brilliant events in maritime history, discovery, and naval 
achievements. The second tier of boxes is ornamented in a similar style, 
referring to victories, treaties, agriculture, &c. The procenium shows the 
same colors and style of ornaments. In the arch thereof is a representa- 
tion of the Declaration of Independence, supported on the wings of Time. 
The curtain displays an equestrian statue of Washington, in front of rich 
drapery, which is partly drawn aside and displays the tomb of Washing- 
ton, Mount Vernon, &c. It is intended as a substitute for the green cur- 
tain, and the change will doubtless be approved of. The machinery and 
stage arrangements, all excellent of their kind, are by Mr. Varden ; and. 
the whole was lighted by new and splendid lamps made expressly for this 
establishment. 

The first star appearing in the new theater was Miss Emma 
Wheatley, a native born actress, of whom the papers spoke of in 
glowing terms of praise. 

JUNIUS BRUTUS BOOTH. 



The New National had a rousing audience when Junius Brutus 
Booth made his bow to a Washington audience as "Hamlet." Mr. 
Booth was the living exem- 
plification of the. axiom that 
"the greatest actor is the one 
who is the most perfect master 
of all the signs of the inner 
states- of man, and could, in 
his own person, exhibit these 
signs with the most vivid pow- 
er." In person Mr. Booth was 
short, spare, muscular, with a 
head and face of antique 
beauty, pale, but healthy pal- 
lor. 



His "Iago" was the finest 
ever seen before the footlights. 
He was a splendid devil, and 
to "Othello" he lied like 
truth. His magnificent voice 
was at Will like the blast of a 
bugle, or as sweet as a flute. 
It is no wonder that his first 
week in Washington was a 
splendid ovation. 




ORCHESTRA RAILING, 



THE YEAR OF 1836.— MR. WARD, MANAGER. 

Mr. Ward succeeded to the management of the house in Decem- 
ber, 1836. It was during his management that the Ravel Familv 
made their first appearance in W r ashino;ton; Burton. Yandenhofr, 



16 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Hackett and Forrest also first appeared at the National when un- 
der the management of Mr. Ward. 

MISS Y. MONIER, MANAGERESS. 

Miss V. Monier succeeded Mr. Ward as the lessee of the thea- 
ter, and she was not only an actress of considerable ability, but a 
lady of extraordinary business attainments She made a great 
success of the theater. She billed all the European and native 
talent, and managed the theater with wonderful ability, She was 
•accorded a benefit at the end of each season, and was a pet and 
favorite with the Washingtonians. 

MADAME CELESTE. 

March 9, 1836, Madame Celeste gave the lovers of the melo- 
drama a wild roving play called " The French Spy ; or, the Arab 
of the Desert." 

The gallery gods were in the seventh heaven of delight when 
Madame Celeste gave them "The Death Plank; or, the Wiz- 
zard's Skiff," and the " Tongueless Pirate Boy." Thesentimen- 
tal young ladies wept over the pathetic drama "The Moorish 
Page, or, The Knight of the Bleeding Scarf." The blood and 
thunder plays, with lurid lightning and tremulo fiddle accompani- 
ments, must have been the rage at that time, judging from the 
frequency with which they were placed on the stage. 

THE YEAR OF 1837. 

For several months Miss Monier' s Stock Company filled the 
boards with different plays, many of the sensational kind, that 
were always followed by a farce, a favorite play being Cooper's 
novel dramatization called the " Wept of the Wish-Ton- Wish." 

GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKE CUSTIS, 

theproprietor of Arlington, wrote a play called "Pocahontas," 
which was produced at the National, under his personal super- 
vision, in the year 1837, and had a very successful run. 

A short time after the production of "Pocahontas," Gen. Alex- 
ander Macomb, then commanding the armies of the United States, 
desirous of adding to his military laurels those of a dramatist, and 
inspired by the success attending the effort of Mr. Custis, also 
wrote an Indian play called "Pontiac; or, the Siege of Detroit," 
and this was also produced at the National, the United States 
marine corps being utilized in the production. 

Of those who witnessed the performance a few still survive, and 
they describe it as a lurid and bewildering display of rapidly 
shifting scenes, volleys of musketry, heaps of slain Indians, &c. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 17 

THE YEAR OF 1838 

The season of 1838, Mr. Junius Brutus Booth played the initial 
night as "Richard III.," followed by Mr. William Burton in the 
" Fine Old English Gentleman." 

MR. WARD, MANAGER. 

At the beginning of this year Miss Monier yielded up the charge 
of the New National, and was given a glorious send-off in the 
way of a farewell benefit. She went to Europe on a starring tour, 
and in a couple of years returned and again took charge of the 
theater, Mr. Ward acting as manager in her absence. 

An unique entertainment must have been witnessed when Mr. 
Porter, the Kentucky giant, eight feet seven inches in height, and 
Major Stevens, a dwarf forty inches high, played in a drama to- 
gether, written expressly for them, entitled " Lilliputians in Ken- 
tucky." 

J. IT. HACKETT. 

On Thursday. May 3, 1838, the unrivalled Hackett made his bow 
in the New National as "Falstaff." There have been scores of 
Hamlets, Richards, Macbeths and Othellos, but never but one 
" Falstaff," and Hackett was the fat rascal personified. If the 
immortal bard could have seen this great comedian play " Fal- 
staff," he would have said : " What I created in fancy, Hackett 
portrays in the flesh." 

THE YEAR OF 1839. — EDWIN FORREST. 

The dramatic year of 1839 was ushered in by Edwin Forrest. 

Forrest began his dramatic career when a mere stripling. He 
was a conscientious, hard working student, and never neglected 
the smallest detail. In person he was like a Roman gladiator. 
His voice was absolute perfection, its crushing gutturality being 
supplemented with that Italian quality of transparent, round, 
elastic, ringing precision, which delivers the words on the silent 
air like crystal balls on black velvet. His Jack Cade was a splendid 
exhibition of physical brute power. His Claude Melnotte was as 
tender as a poet' s wooing. He was a true actor, and sometimes when 
in radiant spirits he would sit on the floor, mimic a tailor at work, 
and convulse his friends with merriment by representing a double 
part of two negro wood sawyers who undertook to play Damon 
and Pythias. He used often to say : . " Its often the case that we 
solemn tragedians off the stage are the jolliest dogs, while you 
clowns and comedians are dyspeptic and melancholy in private." 

MISS ELLEN TREE. 

During this year, Miss Ellen Tree, played her Shakspearean 
characters. She was highly spoken of. Mr. George Vandenhoff, 



18 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

the elder, an eminent tragedian, also trod the boards in the heavy 
roles. . 

THE YEAR OF 1840.— WARD AND WILSON, MANAGERS. 

In the year 1840, Ward and Wilson, managers, received a bene- 
fit, and the season was opened at the National by little Miss Dav- 
enport, aged 11 years, from Drury Lane Theater, London, who 
played Richard the Third— innocence apeing villainy, a young 
maiden lisping like a Satyr. This precocious child filled the 
theater nightly during her engagement. 

FANNY ELSSLER.' 

On Monday, July 6, 1840, the city was electrified by that grace- 
ful goddess, Fanny Elssler, the most famous danseuse on the globe. 
Sheliterally turned the heads of her audience by the loveliness of 
her undraped limbs, and magnetized them by her exquisite poetry 
of motion; the audience seemed to have been changed by her 
Circean power into shouting lunatics, and the New National Thea- 
ter was the scene of wild and extravagant action — men and women 
vied with each other in cheering, gentlemen hurled their watch 
chains and rings on the stage, and the fair sex stripped their arms 
of their bracelets and followed suit, until the stage floor gleamed 
with jewels at the feet of the adorable Elssler, who stood a verita- 
ble Danae in this shower of gold. 

THE YEAR OF 1841. — MISS V. MONIER, MANAGERESS. 

In the year 1841, Miss Monier returned from her starring tour, 
and was received most warmly by her friends. She resumed 
charge of the National Theater, whose prosperity seemed to wane 
as soon as she left it. 

BOOTH AND FORREST. 

Booth and Forest played alternate weeks during the Christmas 
holidays. 

Mr. J. W. Wallack, Herr Cline,M'lle Jasistro, and Mr. Llewellen 
played during the winter and spring, and the season was closed by 
a benefit to the National's, fair manageress, Miss Monier, with 
''Money," its first production in Washington, and the farce of 
" Wives as They Were, and Maids .as They Are." Miss Monier 
ered her connection finally with the New National Theater, 
and good luck and happy fortune seemed to have gone with her. 

' THE YEAR OF 1842 — MR, WARD, MANAGER. 

Mr. Ward succeeded her, and opened the season of 1842, with 
" Damon and Pythias," Mr. A. Adams as star. The next en- 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 19 

gagement was of three nights of Mr. Hill the delineator of Yan- 
kee character. 

March 16, Miss Reynolds had a benefit, and announced that, in ad- 
dition to the play of " The Dead Shot," that Mr. Charles Dickens 
and wife would, on the occasion, honor the theater with their pres- 
ence. 

Next followed Signor Henrico Nano, in the startling named 
drama, the "Baboon; or, Rival Apes." What they were rivals 
for, and whether like the old song — "the baboon kissed the 
monkey's sister " — the play bills don't inform us. 

The season was closed with a benefit to Mr. Lennox, a stock 
actor. 

THE YEAR OF 1843. — HIELD AND TUTHILL, MANAGERS. 

Season of 1843. The New National Theater was opened by 
Messrs. Hield and Tuthill, managers; the play was the " Stran- 
ger," with Mr. Hield in the title role. After New Year Mon- 
sieur Paul, the modern Hercules, gave a series of exhibitions of 
strength, among which was to let four horses be hitched to him, 
and try and pull him from a post. 

Miss Palmer and Mr. Sinclair absolutely emptied the house, by 
their lugubrious acting of that dismal drama " The Stranger." 
They came for a week's engagement, and in two nights they closed 
the theater; their baggage was seized by the hotel keeper, and they 
issued a pitiful appeal to the charitable to help them out. A com- 
munication in the city newspapers, says they ought to be thank- 
ful to escape with their lives, after murdering the king's English 
as they did. 

THE YEAR OF 1844. 

The incoming year of 1844, was inaugurated by Mr. Hackett, 
whose head must have been turned by the success he met with as 
"Falstaff," for became out in a proclamation, several columns in 
length, and announced that he would take the part of "King Rich- 
ard the Third." So far so well; but when he decried Mr. Edmund 
Keene's rendition of the hunchbacked Gloster, as being erroneous 
and untrue, and intimated that he, Hackett, has the intuitive per- 
ception of the part, he placed himself in an ambiguous position, 
for ridicule is never so unsparing as when aimed at him who 
vaunts his superiority, and fails. 

The card of Mr. Hackett's may have filled the old National from 
pit to dome on the night of January 4, 1844; but it is safe to 
say Hackett proved to the people that a fine comedian is not 
necessarily a great tragedian. His Richard lasted one night, and 
Falstaff disappears from the scene of his triumphs for a long 
time. The evening after, on the 5th of January, Mr. Booth 
played "Iago," and it must have been a contrast between the 
born tragic actor, and the aspiring Hackett, whose forte was to 



20 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 



make tears of laughter roll down one's cheek, and not those of 
grief. 

Tuesday, January 24, 1844. Mr. Ward, the manager, has a fare- 
well benefit. The play is described as an entirely original one, 
called "Jack Nonpariel," with the inimitable Burton in the title 
role. • The manager in his card says : 

Mr, Ward presents his compliments to the Washington public, and 
in announcing his farewell benefit, trusts the efforts he has made, to en- 
tertain them will be remembered in his favor. He hopes that the stock- 
holders will buy tickets and not enter upon their passes, ditto the press? 
in fad Hi'- free list will positively be suspended. In conclusion, Mr. 
Ward respectfully solicits, ' one and all' to flock to the Theater and give 
. him a " bumper at parting. " 

About this time the stockholders of the old National became 
frightened. The shares were not salable, and the receipts were 
not large enough to pay the expenses, let alone a high rate of in- 
terest. 3Ir. Ward'sretirement, after seven years hard fight against 
fate, brought affairs to a crisis and the stockholders hastened to 
get rid of their shares at a sacrifice, and the National Theater 
which cost $45,000 in its erection was reported sold for $13,500, 
to General Van Ness, Hon. Ben. Ogle Tayloe, and Mr. Richard 
Smith, all well known citizens of Washington. 

MR. HIELD, MANAGER. 

The Theater was re-opened February 11, 1844, under the man- 
agement of Mr. Hield, who informs the public that the house has 

been thoroughly scrubbed 
and cleaned, the front of the 
Theater newly painted; ex- 
tra stoves placed all through 
the house, and many new 
lamps added, so that there 
will be no more gloom. 

The attraction on the 
opening night was Miss Hil- 
dieth as Julia, in the 
; ' Hunchback, ' ' This lady 
is the one whom Gen. 
Butler, then a young law- 
yer, became enamored, 
while she was in Cincin- 
nati and subsequently mar- 
ried her, when she retired 
from the stage. 

The manager soon got 
sickof his contract.f or with- 
in three weeks he announced 
his farewell benefit; and on 
Monday, March 6, 1844, the 
event took place— the play 



,&gas* 




ORCHESTRA MIRROR AND GAS-JET. 



being " Douglas." The Hields seemed to be a dramatic family 
for the manager took the part of Glenalcon; his wife the role of 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 21 

Lady Randolph., and their son, "the infant phenomenon," Young 
Norval, that " tended his flocks on the Grampian Hills." 

S. M. EMERY, MANAGER. — J. W. YANDENHOFF. 

The Theater was closed for ten months. In the meantime Mr. 
S. M. Emery, of the Holiday Street Theater, Baltimore, became 
the lessee, and Mr. Yandenhoff , of Covent Garden, London, was 
the attraction, as "Hamlet." Mr. Yandenhoff was followed by 
the Italian Opera Troupe from Havana, with Signora CorsinL 
soprano, and Signor Perrozi, tenor, as the stars. 

OLE BULL. 

On Christmas night, 1844, the Theater was jammed with a bril- 
liant audience to welcome Ole Bull, who played only two nights — 
the price of admission teing raised to one dollar. The house 
was then closed and an army of workmen were busy all Christ- 
mas week in transforming the Theater into a circus, and making 
the pit and stage a spacious amphitheatre. On January 4, 1844, 
N. A. Howes' Equestrian Troupe performed, and the clown cracked 
the same rid jokes that were dug up at Ninevah and Pompeii. 

The manager, Mr. Emery, went the way of his predecessors, 
and farewelled out of Washington, from which frequent changes, 
we conclude that running a theater in the National Capital in 
those days was what Mr. Mantalini would call a " demnition risky 
business." 

THE YEAR OF 1845. — WM. E. BURTON, MANAGER. 

On January 10, 1845, Mr. W. E. Burton, lessee of the Phila- 
delphia and Baltimore theaters, announces that he has leased the 
National, which he has repainted and re- decorated, and will open 
on January 12, with a stock company, Mr. Anderson as the star. 
This engagement appeared to languish. The company played 
before a beggarly array of empty benches; the people either did 
not go, or there was bad management somewhere. The following 
communication, that appeared in the Intelligencer, may give a 
hint where the trouble was. If the fashion and wealth of the city 
were not theater goers, the roughs and street arabs evidently were 
steady patrons and paid their money, got their tickets and went 
in for an evening enjoyment, in their own way. 

"An old sitter" hits at the abuses, in a style that Artemus 
Ward would call "sarkasum," and as a sign of the times we publish 
it entire: 



22 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

theater reform. 

Washington, Friday, January 17, 1845. 
Messrs. Editors : 

I "beg leave to submit through the columns of your paper the subjoined? 
rules for the better management of the theater. 

Vive la politeise, Old Sitter. 

1. That no spectator be expected to sit, if he chose to stand ; it being a 
gross infringement of the rights of an American citizen to attempt to re- 
strict or otherwise regulate the free use of his limbs. 

2. That for like return, he elevate his legs, or stick them at any angle, 
oblique or acute, most conducive to his comfort. 

3. That the good old National divertisement of chewing and spitting 
tobacco, ad libitum, is an inalienable right of the American citizen. 

4. That on a benefit night any individual may use three seats for the ac- 
commodation of his feet, cudgel, dog or other indispensable appurtenance. 

5. That no spectator, whether standing or sitting, be subjected to the 
impertinent cry of "hats off in front." 

6. That any attempt to suppress loud talking, whooping, haw-hawing, 
swearing or the like, will not be tolerated,, as it is a most fragrant viola- 
tion of that great safeguard of the Republic, the liberty of free speech. 

7. That in the event of a set to, between two belligerents, that they be 
allowed to have it out, undisturbed to those minions of the law, called 
police. 

8. That for the encouragement of native musical talent the standing 
orchestra overture shall be some approved " chef d x oeuvre," of the great 
Ethiopian masters, as "Possum Up the Gum Tree," "Sally Come Up," 
" That Yellar Gal Smiled at Me." 

9. That a copy of these regulations be affixed to the play bills. 

Salve Republica, Old Sitter. 

The old National, from natural and artificial causes, was not a 
paying success. It is most probable that the true reason why the 
audiences were not large arose from the fact that the city was 
spread over such avast area, and the streets, all unpaved, were so 
hard to travel, that it required real courage and laborious work 
to go to the theater from any distance. There were no vehicles 
then save the two horse hacks, who charged ten dollars to carry 
a person to the theater and bring him back home, nor were 
there any street cars. Pennsylvania avenue was lighted by oil 
lamps; but the rest of the city was wrapped in Cimmerian dark- 
ness. 

The National Theater was like a castle in a state of siege; there 
was only one route to reach it, all the other avenues of approach 
were closed by muddy roads, impassable swamps — treacher- 
ous quagmires : — over which deep darkness brooded until morning. 

For some years the theater was sometimes open, but oftener 
closed. A stock company played alternately in Philadelphia 
and in Baltimore, and as the two latter cities patronized the drama 
more regularly and certainly, the company of course acted where 
they made the most money, and at last rarely came to Washing- 
ton except during the sessions of Congress. 

The route system, with its mathematical arrangement of dates, 
and constant succession of travelling stars was not then conceived; 
of, and the troupes generally roved at will, and Temained at* 
towns where they had the heaviest pecuniary returns. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 23 

The first fire took place on Wednesday night, March 5, 1845, 
and the advertisement of that date shows that the attractions were 
as follows: 

The Inimitable Burletta of 

BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. 

Sir Aldg-ate Pump • Mr. W. E. Burton 

John Quill Mr. Burke 

Selima..... Mrs. Burke 

After which THE CONGO MELODISTS will appear as refined 

gentlemen of the North. 

After which the excellent comedietta of 

THE SCAPE GOAT; OR, CUPID AND THE CLASSICS. 

To conclude with a new farce, called the 

STAGE-STRUCK NIGGER. 

The account of the conflagration, which appeared in the National 
Intelligencer, on the following day, was as follows: 

THE NATIONAL THEATER BURNT. 

An unusually destructive fire occurred in this city last night, 
between eight and nine o'clock, which consumed the handsome 
edifice, erected but a few years ago, known as the National Thea- 
ter, besides some seven or eight dwelling-houses, situated on the 
southeast corner of the same square, and fronting on Pennsylva- 
nia Avenue and Thirteenth street, in addition, we believe, to sev- 
eral stables and other "buildings which stood in the alleys that 
pass through the square. 

The fire originated in what is called the oil room, in the back 
part of the Theater, while the performances of the evening were 
in progress; but fortunately for the persons in attendance, who 
composed a very large and respectable audience of both sexes, 
the alarm was given sufficiently soon to allow them all to escape 
from the burning building without the happening of any serious 
accident. 

The Theatre was burnt entirely out, leaving the bare walls alone 
standing. We believe it was lately purchased from the compaay 
who erected it, by Mr. Benjamin Ogle Taylor, of this city, whose 
loss must be considerable, especially, if our information be correct, 
that there was no insurance upon the property. Mr. Burton was 
the lessee, who has also, no doubt, suffered much loss. We do 
rot know who the other sufferers are, except that our worthy 
fellow citizen Mr. Charles J. Nourse was one of them and Mr. 
Louis Vivans another. 

The Globe Printing Office, which occupies the lot on the west 
side of the Theater, was saved from injury by being protected by 
the high and thick walls of the latter building, and on account of 
the wind blowing pretty freely at the time from the west, which 
carried the flames in an opposite direction. 



CHAPTER II. 



THE SECOND OPENING. 



THE YEAR OF 1850. — WILLARD AND REESIDE, MANAGERS. 



JENNY LIND. 

In the year 1850, the fame of Jenny Lind was on everybody's 
tongue; with her divine voice she had the whole of Europe at 

her feet, and she cross • 
ed the Atlantic to sub- 
jugate the New World 
Of course it would 
not do to let her come 
to America without 
visiting its Capital, 
and giving her states- 
men an opportunity 
of offering her not 
only a democratic but 
a royal welcome But 
there was a serious 
barrier to her profes- 
sional appearance, 
there being no suit- 
able and appropriate 
hall for her voice in 
the 'city. There was 
but one Jenny Lind 
in the world, and the 
stigma of Washing- 
ton, the Capital of 
twenty million of 
people, not having a 
musical hall, must be 
removed. 

Two prominent 
Washingtonians took 
the matter in hand — 
they were Messrs. 
Willard and Keeside 
who built a hall up- 
on the ancient Na- 
tional ruins, using, 
the old bricks therefor. In a card to the public these gentlemen 
lay stress upon the fact that they employ only workmen who are 







MIRK K. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 25 

natives of the city. The hall was rapidly and hurriedly built to 
get ready for the great artist's visit during the Christmas holi- 
days. Anticipating the immense crowd that would jam the con- 
cert hall, the building was examined by Robert Mills, architect, 
and pronounced safe. 

The excitement upon the night of Jenny Lind's concert sur- 
passed anything ever witnessed in Washington. Crowds stood 
from midnight to nine in the morning in front of the theater 
watching for the box. office to open, and it required all the police 
force to keep order. Nothing was talked of but Jenn} r Lind; she 
was the absorbing theme. The highest dignitaries called upon 
her, and no empress ever held a more sovereign court than did this 
little lady in the Republican Capital. This wonderful singer who 
was to enthrall and delight the music lovers that were sojourning 
at the Capital, was, by common consent, ranked as the greatest 
soprano singer that ever lived. 

She was born in Stockholm in 1820. She studied under Herr 

Crelins, and made her debut with brilliant prospects, but when 

she was fifteen years old she lost her voice entirely. Several 

.years after it slowly returned, and she then renewed her studies 

under Mad. Malibran. 

In 1852 she married in Boston a young German pianist, Otto 
Goldschmidt. 

Her American tour was a series of splendid triumphs, and her 
goodness and benevolence, rare in one so young, won the love of 
the American public. 

With the piaster scarcely dry, and the smell of paint painfully 
apparent, the hall threw open its doors to the streaming crowd, 
that speedily filled it from top to bottom. In a few minutes there 
was not standing room. 

The following is a copy of the play bill: 



26 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Willard & Reeside Proprietors. 

Jas. E. Welsh Business Manager. 

GRAND OPENING NIGHT OP THE NEW NATIONAL HALL. 

Engagement of the Worid-Renowned 

MADEMOISELLE JENNY LIND, 

Supported by a Strong Company. This evening, Monday, Dec. 16th, 1850. 

PROGRAMME. 

Part I. 

Conductor Mr. Benedict 

Overture— Zampa Harold 

Scena and Aria— Sorgette Marometto 

Secundo— S ignor Belletti Rossini 

Scena and Aria— Casta Diva Norma 

(Mademoiselle Jenny Lind.) 

Thiede— Caprici de tremolo— solo violin De Berriott 

(Mr. Joseph Burke.) 

Trio for voice and two flutes Camp of Silesia 

(Composed expressly for Mile. Lind's voice by Myenberger.) 

v oice Mile. Lind 

Flutes Messrs. Kyle and Siede 

Part II. 

Overture— Crown of Diamonds Auber 

Barcarola— Sella poppa del mio brick— Sig. Belletti Ricci 

Grand March— Crusaders Benedict 

The Bird Song— Mile. Jenny Lind Taubert 

The Tarrantulia— Sig. Belletti Rosini 

Greeting to Ameriea, Prize song, written by ^Bayard Taylor 

(Mile. Jenny Lind.) 
The Herdman Echo Song Mile. Jenny Lind 

Prices of Admission. 

Secured Seats close to the Stage $7 00 

" " middleof Hall 5 00 

" " Back 4 00 

Doors open at 6 p. m., Concert to commence at 8 p. m. 
No Checks issued. 

The Intelligencer the next morning had the following: 

Mile. Jenny Lind's concert last night was attended by the largest, 
most brilliant, and certainly the most gratified audience which ever as- 
sembled at any public entertainment in this city. 

We doubt if an individual in the audience had prior to her appearance 
an adequate idea of the enchanting melody the "dulcet and harmonious 
breadth" of the peerless songstress. 

In the second concert, the President and Vice-President of the 
United States and his Cabinet, and the members of the Supreme 
Court attended in a body. The most extraordinary mark of hom- 
age that this country ever witnessed before or since to an artiste. 

THE YEAR OF 1851. 

On January 21, 1851, the National Hall was changed into a cir- 
cus, and tiers upon tiers of hastily constructed seats were erected 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 27 

along the walls, and as the crowd was enormous the pressure was 
very great; during the exciting part of the programme, the west 
side of the wall fell outward and carried many people with it. 
A scene of frantic confusion ensued, that was with difficulty al- 
layed by cooler, and calmer minds. An examination was made, 
and no one found badly hurt, though many were almost frightened 
out of their senses. After a while the performers commenced their 
parts, and the programme kept on until its close. This was the 
last performance at the National Hall. Hardly had the adorable 
voice of Jenny Lind, and the hoarse voice of the ring master ceased 
to reverberate through the building, before masons were at work 
tearing the whole superstructure down, and immediately the en- 
ergetic managers were busy re-building the theater on a grander 
scale then ever before. 



CHAPTER III. 



THE YEAR OF 1852 — E. A. MARSHALL, MANAGER. 



THE THIRD OPENING. 

Early in December, 1852, the National Theater was re-built 

for the third time, the following card announcing the fact: 

Washington, D. C, December 10, 1852. 

E. A. Marshall, lessee of the Bi-oadway, New York, and Walnut Street, 
Philadelphia,theaters, respectfully announces to the citizens of Washing- 
ton, that he has leased the National Theater, which has been re-built and 
re-modelled in a magnificent manner, at an enormous outlay, and is now 
one of the most elegant tempies of the drama in the United States. 

On December 15, 1852, the house was crowded — the President 
and his Cabinet being present to honor the occasion. Mrs. Hield, 
who seemed always on hand, spoke the opening address, and then 
the play bill tells the rest. 

UEW ITA TIO^AL THEATER. 

E. A. Marshall Lessee 

(Also of the Broadway and Walnut Street Theater.) 

W. M. Fleming. Stage Manager 

•J. B. Bensil.... Treasurer 

OPENING NIGHT, DECEMBER 15, 1852. 



Great Attraction. Engagement of MISS MATILDA HERON, and her 

Unrivalled Stock Company. This evening will be presented 

THE HUNCHBACK, with the following cast : 

Julia Miss Matilda Heron 

Clifford Mr. Fleming 

(Characters by the rest of the Company.) 



Prices of Admission. 

Private Boxes . . .$10 00 

Parquet „ , 75 

First Circle 75 

Second Gallery 25 

Colored Gallery ] 25 

Pit 50 

(Gentlemen are earnestly i*equested to use the spittoons and spare 

the floor.) 

The papers speak in glowing terms of the initial success, and 
pays the following compliment to the lessee and manager: 

If the present lessee fails to make the New National Theater the most 
pleasant and paying institution of the city, no other man in this country 
<?an flatter himself with the expectation of success. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 29 

On December 22, 1852, the important announcement is made to 
the Washington public, that for the first time in the history of this 
city, they will have the opportunity of hearing the Grand Ital- 
ian Opera in all of its completeness. 

The troupe, with Madame Torronte, soprano, and Signor Vor- 
rello, tenor, as stars, played only one night, giving Rossini's Opera 
of "Cinderella." 

THE YEAR OP 1853. 

In the new year of 1853, Madame Celeste opened with a fine 
company, and played three nights in a comedy called "Ducarge." 

MISS JULIA DEAN. 

The next week, January 12, Miss Julia Dean made her debut at 
the National, and won a dazzling success in the part of Julia in the 
play— Sheridan Knowles' ' * Hunchback. ' ' Her rendition of Julia 
carried the house by storm, and rarely had the Old or New Na- 
tional ever witnessed a greater triumph. 

The following standing avertisement was kept in the morning 
paper: 

Notice to the National Theater patrons. We are pleased to inform the 
public that we have made arrangements with the Union Line of Omni- 
busses to run between Georgetown and the theater, before and after the 
performance. Fare 25 cents each way. 

LOLA MONTEZ. 

The Washington people had a real sensation on February 9, 1853. 
The lovely Lola Montez, the fairest, the frailest, the most fasci- 
nating woman of modern times appeared at the theater as Theo- 
dosia, in the mournful tragedy of the "Maid of Croissy." 

The fair Lola had not much histrionic ability, but she jammed 
the theater, and brought the ducats into the till. She was fond 
of late suppers, and the first men of the times gave private enter- 
tainments to her and a few select friends. She set the town on 
fire with her beauty, and played havoc with the masculine hearts. 

The next week the original play, " Betrothed " was brought out 
with Mr. Couldock as the attraction, and he was followed by Miss 
Eliza Logan, in the tragedy of " Evadne; or, the Statue." 

On March 1, 1853, one of Boucicault plays was for the first 
time put on the boards of the National Theater. The piece was 
"London Assurance," with Miss J. Bennett as Lady Gay 

Spanker. 

The " Hunchback" must have been a favorite tragedy at that 
time, for it was played for the eighth time at the National, 
by Miss Davenport (now Mrs. Gen. Lander), her second ap- 
pearance in Washington in that character. 



80 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 






CHARLOTTE CUSHMA.N. 

The gifted Miss Charlotte Cushrnan made her first appearance 
before a Washington public on April 1st. She scored a royal 
success in her roles of "Lady Macbeth," " Rosalind ," and 
"Julia." 

SEGULN OPERA COMPANY. 

The succeeding week, for the first time, an English Opera Com- 
pany played at the National. It was called the Seguin Opera Troupe 
and achieved great success; their repertoire consisting of "Daughter 

of the Regi- 
ment," "Mar- 
tha," "IlTro- 
vatore," and 
the "Beggar's 
Opera." 

They were 
followed by 
Edwin Forrest, 
who drew bet- 
ter houses than 
any other tra- 
gedian in the 
country. 

The queenly 
Charlotte 
Cushrnan, then 
in the very 
zenith of her 
glory, played 
her farewell engagement here preparatory to her departure 
for Europe. Her " Ophelia " was a fine exhibition of her splendid 
powers. The Washington Light Infantry, and the Washington 
Continental Guards, attended the theater in full uniform in her 
honor, and as a graceful recognition of the compliment, she 
gave them an elegant wine supper after the performance at the 
National Hotel. 




BRESS CIRCLE RAILING AND DECORATION. 



EMMA FITZPATRICK. 



Miss Cushrnan was followed by Miss Emma Fitzpatrick, from 
Drury Lane Theater, Louden, who made her debut December 20, 
1853, as Letitia Hardy, in the " Belle's Stratagem." There was 
also a grand corps de ballet, with Senorita Sota as the star dan- 



seuse. 



The succeeding week Anna Cora Mowat, the authoress, who 
had turned actress, trod the boards in " Adrienne." This lady, a 
short while after this engagement, married a son of "Father 
Ritchie," the editor of the Union. 



HISTORY OF THE SEW NATIONAL THEATER. 31 



A 



The Chinese Magicians drew crowded houses by their hotch 
potch of farce, ledgerdemain, and gymnastics. 

On the evening of April 3d, 1853, a grand complimentary bene- 
fit was tendered the popular manager, Mr. E. A. Marshall, as a 
tribute to his enterprise during his successful management. The 
theater on this occasion was crowded to its utmost capacity— the 
play, as it was presented, having in its cast the leading actors of 
his theaters in New York and Philadelphia. We present the en- 
tire bill in full, that our readers may learn how they presented 
plays in the " Auld Lang Syne " days before the war. 

iTAlIOlTAIj THEATER. 

Washington, D. C. 

Mr. E. A. Marshall Sole Lessee, 

(Also of the Broadway (N. Y.) and Walnut street (Philaclelphia)-Treaters.) 
Acting and Stage Manager Mr. A. W. Fenno 

Prices of Admission. 

Private Boxes, $5 ; Dress Circle and Parquette, 50 cts., Children under ten 

years, half price ; Reserved Seats, 75 cts. ; Orchestra Seats, 75 cts. ; 

Familv Circle, 25 cts. ; Third Tier, 50 cts. ; Colored Gallery, 25 cts. 



Doors open at 7 o'clock, Performance commences precisely at half-past 

7 o'clock. The Box Office will he open daily, from 10 o'clock 

a. m., to 4 o'clock p. m. 

Mr. H. B. Matterson Treasurer 

Grand Complimentary Benefit to 
MR. E. A. MARSHALL. 

CORRESPONDENCE, &C. 

Washington, April 7, 1853. 
Dear Sir : Desiring to render you a tribute of respect for the enterprise 
you have manifested in presenting the citizens of Washington and vicinity, 
and those sojourning for a limited period here, with a series of interesting 
and attractive dramatic performances since you assumed the manage- 
ment of the National Theatre, the undersigned respectfully solicit the 
privilege of tendering you a Complimentary Benefit, upon such evening 
"before the close of the present season, as you may he plea-ed to designate. 
Soliciting your acceptance of this evidence of our appreciation of your ex- 
ertions we are, very respectf ully, your obedient servants, John W. For- 
ney, John L. Smith", Chubb Brothers, Henry Polkinhorn, Geo. Gibson, R. 
Armstrong, W. B. Chase, John F. Coyle, N. Clinch, John A. Bryant, Samuel 
L. Harris, P. Harry Hayes, R. B. Hackney. M. A. Dexter, F. S. Shulze, J. 
W. Arnold. Thos. Florence. C. Eames, H. A. Willard, W. H. Kennon. Daniel 
Buck, C. W. Flint ,P. H. Brooks, C. P. Wilhelm. Chas. W. Boteler, J. Thomas, 
Chas. H. Winder, Roger A. Pryor, James S. Holland, W. M. Overton, J. K, 
Bailey, E. W. Abbott, Clark Mills. 

Philadelphia, April 13, 1853. 
Gentlemen : -Your favor of the 7th instant is received. I accept with 
high gratification your generous offer of a complimentary Benefit. To 
know that my exertions have won the approbation of gentlemen so dis- 
tinguished by social position and intellectual attainments is an ample 
reward for all past lal ors, and will inspire me to make fresh efforts. I 



32 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

would suggest Monday the 18th instant., as the time, if that will be agree- 
able to yourselves. 

With grateful acknowledgemnts, 

I am, gentlemen, your obedient servant, 

E. A. Marshall. 
To Col. J. W. Forney, Chubb Brothers, H. Polkinhorn, 

George Gibson, R. Armstrong and others, Washington. 

On which occasion will be presented a fashionable and sterling enter- 
tainment ; the whole of The National Company and Orchestra, having 
volunteered, also Mr. Richings, Miss Richings, Mr. McKeon, and Mrs. 
Duffield, of the. Walnut street Theatre. 

On Monday evening, April 18th, the performance to commence with R. B. 
Sheridan's sterling Comedy, in 5 acts, called the 

SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL, 

With the following unrivalled cast: 

Sir Peter Teazle • Mr. P..Kichings 

Sir Oliver Surface - Cunningham 

Joseph Surface Foster 

Charles Surface Fenno 

Crabtree Jordan 

Sir Benjamin Backbite Wheatleigh 

Rowley McKeon 

Moses Dewalden 

Trip Tilling 

Snake Mr. Terry 

Careless Day 

Joseph's Servant ° Francis 

Eady Sneerwell's Servant ,...:.. .Haymer 

Lady Teazle Mrs. Duffield 

Maria Cunningham 

Mrs. Candor Gladstone 

Lady Sneerwell : France 

Maid ...Terry 

LA POLONAISE BY MISS ANNIE WALTERS. 

To conclude" with the Musical Farce, in 2 acts, of a 

ROLAND FOR AN OLIVER. 

Alfred Highflyer Mr. P. Richings 

Sir Mark Chase Cunningham 

Mr. Selborne Day 

Game-keepers • ■ Haymer I. Francis 

Fixture .Mrs. H. V. Jordan 

Maria Darlington - .Miss C. Richings 

Mrs. Selborne Mrs. Thorpe 

Mrs. Fixture France 

Miss Richings will sing the Ifollowing songs— ' l MY HAPPY HOME," 
variations from " LES DIAM ANS DE LA COURONNE," and dance a new 
WALTZ by Gustave Blesner, of Philadelphia. 

On Weduesday evening next, April the 20th, Professor Anderson, The 
renowned Wizard of the North, will commence an engagement for six 
nights only. 

No money taken at the Doors. Tickets to be purchased at the Box Office. 

Notice.— Arrangements have been made with the Union Line of omni- 
busses to runjoetween Georgetown and the Theatre before and after the 
performance. " Fare 12)4 cents. 

An Efficient Police will be in constant attendance to preserve strict order. 



HISTOEY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 33 

Wednesday April 20, 1853, Prof. Anderson, the great Wizard, 
showed his powers for the first time in Washington. r ■ 

The theater was closed a week and then opened by Donizetti s 
acting dogs, monkeys, and goats. This drew the children in 
flocks, and all the schools gave half holiday to let the scholars at- 
tend in a mass. One afternoon Mr. Donizetti gave a matinee to 
the orphan asylums of the city free of charge. 

THE RAVEL FAMILY. 

The Ravel Family then played four consecutive weeks, and 
were followed by a few plays by stock performers, when the 
theater closed for the summer. 

JULIAN CONCERTS. 

The Julian Concerts awoke an extraordinary degree of enthu- 
siasm among our people, and such a conglomeration of musical 
genius was rarely gathered together. The prices were greatly ad- 
vanced; notwithstanding the house was packed to the very ut- 
most limit. The Intelligencer said the morning after: 

When the hour— half-past seven— arrived, from two to three thousand 
citizens were gathered in boxes and parquet. When the orchestra, led by 
Count Julian, played a medley of American airs, the enthusiasm of the 
house was raised to the highest pitch, and when the national anthem Hail 
Columbia was performed in a manner unequaled before, the vast audi- 
ence was lifted to their feet, and the triumph recorded in three tremen- 
dous cheers. 

The next week Mile Yrca Mathias, the celebrated Russian Dan- 
seuse with her corps de ballet, drew fine houses. 

THE YEAR OF 1854. 

The season of 1854 was opened brilliantly by the Grand Italian 
Opera Company, with Rose de Yries in the leading role. 

GRISI AND MARIO. 

Just about this time the music loving, art enjoying public in 
Washington were on the tip toe of expectation, for their ears 
were soon to be ravished by the clearest, most passionate soprano, 
and the grandest tenor on earth combined— that of Grisi and 
Mario— who were singing together in opera; such an event in the 
world of music was so rare, that no one who loved the " concord 
of sweet tones " would willinglv forego. 

Gialitto Grisi was the greatest Italian dramatic singer since the 
days of Malibran. She made her debut in 1832, in the role of 
" Semiramide." The regular beauty of her features, the truth, 
flexibility, and compass of her voice, made her a wonderful suc- 
cess from the first. The great Composer Bellini wrote the opera, 
"II Puritani" | especially for her. She was universally quoted 
as a type of what the lovers of Italian opera call "passion" in a 
singer. 



34 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Her favorite role was "Norma," and she became so identified 
with the part as to be often called " The Diva." 

Mario's tenor voice was the most enthralling ever heard. OweB 
Meredith has immortalized it in verse in his '■' Aux Italiens." 

Of all the operas that Verdi wrote 

The Tbest to my taste is the "Trovatore," 
And Mario can soothe with a tenor note 

The souls in Purgatory. 

The moon in the tower slept soft and low, 
And who has not thrilled in the strangest way 

As we heard him sing, while the gas ourned low, 
''Non il scordar di me. ' 

For weeks their advent was talked of, and when it was known 
that they would only sing one night, and the opera was "Norma;" 
with Grisi as the Diva and Mario as Pollione, and Signor Arditi, 
musical director, the rush for seats was maddening; the manager 
was besieged in his house; the proudest statesmen of the land 
deigned to sue for a small spot in the theater, even to place a camp 
stool. The scale of prices was no bar. The lower boxes sold, 
for the one performance, for $75; the upper ones for $50; orches- 
tra seats were $10; the parquet $7.50; the balcony and peanut gal- 
lery $5; probably had the manager had the conscience to have in- 
creased these stupendous prices fourfold, such was the intense de- 
sire to hear these transcendent singers, that the public would have 
paid the price ungrudgingly. The lucky possessors of tickets 
were cajoled and implored on all sides to sell. It was a common 
thing to buy in a ticket for one, two, or even five hundred dollars. 
A Virginian named Warrick, from Richmond, an old " Forty - 
Niner," who had just returned from the mines of California with 
the sale of a rich placer, and his pockets lined with " pay-rock," 
promised several of his friends to take them to the opera, and ac- 
tually paid a member of Congress $1,000 for his private box. 

The National never seemed nearer Heaven than it did on the 
night of January 6, 1854, when those two divine voices blended 
in a glorious harmony ; it was simply perfection, and when the en- 
thralled audience filed out the lighted theater into the dark night, 
it seemed as if they had just awoke from a seraphic dream, with 
the celestial supernatural melody still ringing in their ears. Of all 
the triumphs of art, there was no greater than this. 

The great Forrest played three continuous weeks, commencing 
February 6. His repertoire consisted of "Hamlet, ' ' the"Gladiator," 
"JackCade," "Claude Melnolte," and "Macbeth." Hewasfinely 
supported and of course, actor and manager alike, reaped a golden 
harvest. He was followed by Mrs. Farren in the play of "The 
Stranger." Then Miss Ince brought out that everlasting play, 
"The Hunchback," and made a most tearful Julia. 

Mrs. Macready came March 20th, and drew fair audiences to 
witness her "MegMerriles." 



HISTORY- OF THE KEW NATIONAL THEATER. 



35 




BOILER ROOM. 



MISS AGNES ROBERTSON. 

Pretty, piquant Agnes Eobertson, who afterwards married Dion 
Boucicault, tripped across the stage in her dashing, charming way 
as Milly the "Maid with. her Milking Pail," withTher short skirts 
and neat ankles; it was worth the price of admission just to see her 
sparkling face. 

The summer being very near, Count Julian gave three concerts, 
and the theater was closed until autumn. 



MATILDA HERRON. 

The fall season of 1854 was opened by Matilda Herron, one of the 
greatest emotional actresses of her time, and the pioneer in that 
particular line of acting. She had just returned from London and 
Paris where her progress was unparaJleled in the European suc- 
cess of any American .actress that had preceded her. Her role 
was "Camille," with Mr. W. H. Briggs of Holiday Street Theater 
as Armand. She met with an ovation that would have satisfied 
the soul of the most exacting artist. 



36 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

KUNKLE AND FORD, MANAGERS. 

In the meanwhile there had been an entire change of control 
of the National. George Kunkle became manager and John T. 
Ford, of the Holliday Street Theater, Baltimore, treasurer. _ The 
theater property became more valuable every year. The tide of 
population was steadily moving up town; the streets were well 
paved and the wealth of the city was congregating in its near vi- 
cinity. 

Mr. James W. Wallack played one night as "Macbeth," 

supported by Mrs. Melinda Jones. Mr. Wallack certainly had a 

good advertising agent who billed him well, as the following 

specimen will show: 

In France the Emperor, forgetting the cares of state, and dashing the 
glittering show of pomp and royalty aside, was wont to go to the theater 
to enjoy the intellectual repast furnished by the gifted Wallack and Jones. 

The manager placed on the boards, the Nightingale Troupe, as 
he called them; and he speaks of their musical and terpsichorean 
portraiture of life among the negroes of the south — we conclude 
they were blacked up — or, as the gallery Gods would say, the per- 
formance was " horse opera." 

THE YEAR OF 1855. 

In January the Rousset Sisters, with their coryphees, tripped 
their fantastic toes, much to the edification of the young bloods 
and old bachelors of the Metropolis. 

J. A. KEENAN, MANAGER. 

George Kunkle here retires from the management and J. A. 
Keenan takes his place. 

A play, to please the southern audience, is now put on the stage 
as an offset to Harriet Beacher Stowe's creation. It is called "Uncle 
Tom as He is; or, True Southern Life." 

J. E. MURDOCK. 

On Washington's birthday, Mr. J. E. Murdoch trod the stage 
of the National for the first time; he appeared as "Hamlet," and, 
just to think of it, Mr. Joseph Jefferson, the popular comedian, 
will chant the dismal, doleful history of "Villekins and his Dinah," 
as originally sung by him with uproarious applause in Baltimore. 

After Murdock comes the Patomime, for the first time, of "The 
Red Gnome; or, the Spirit of the Silver Fountain." The next 
night was "Cinderella; or, the Little Glass Slipper." The papers 
tell us that the children went wild over this performance. The 
National was then closed until autumn. 

HENRY C. JARRETT, MANAGER. 

Another entire change of management: this time Mr. Henry C. 
Jarrett, who afterwards became a famous New York manager, 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 37 

i 

and who was then the owner of the Museum of Baltimore, be- 
came the lessee of the National with Mr. Joseph Jefferson as stage 
manager. 

They opened the theater with Mr. J. R. Scott, in the poem 
dramatized, called "The Lady of the Lake." 

The circus then became the attraction at the National, the par- 
quette and orchestra being planked so. as to allow a saw dust ring 
to be formed. 

October 26, pretty and versatile Agnes Robertson again played 
to a delighted audience. Among the charms of the vaudeville is the 
great transformation scene of a cat changed into a woman, in which 
Miss Robertson, Mr. Joseph Jefferson, Mr. J. B. Howe, and Mr. 
Ellis appeared. 

Doubtless a good many of the audience well knew, from their 
personal observation, that such a transformation was madeoftener 
off the stage than on. 

In October, Matilda Herron again delights and thrills the audi- 
ence by the rendition of "Camille." 

She was followed by a dashing Frenchwoman in the sensational 
play of "Jack Shepherd, the Highwayman," in four acts and 
forty-two tableaux. It was estimated that every boot black and 
street Arab in Washington witnessed this drama. They not only 
filled their own gallery, but overflowed into the circle, balcony 
and parquet; their applause was deafening. One philanthropic 
gentleman of Washington made the boys a present of one hundred 
tickets and he never had to pay for a "shine" afterwards, so long as 
he lived in Washington. 

JOHN E. OWENS. 

Mr. John E. Owens, on November 11, 1855, started off well as 
Dromio in the "Comedy of Errors," and played the balance of 
the week to fair audiences. Then Mr. and Mrs. Barney Williams 
stepped before the National's footlights. They played "Irish 
Assurance," and "Limerick Boy." 

The succeeding week, Mr. J. W. Wallack gave "Macbeth," 
and Mr. Joe Jefferson a farce called "An Affair of Honor." Mr. 
and Mrs. Williams then .returned and played another week. 

A southern actor 'next came and gave the old English comedy 
of the "Heir at Law," and following^him was Miss Eliza Logan in 
the dramatized "Lucretia Borgia." 

E. L. DAVENPORT. 

Mr. Edwin L. Davenport made his first appearance in Wash- 
ington in Christmas week, in "Richard the III." Mr. Jefferson 
playing a farce, "Slasher and Crasher." 

Succeeding him was James E. Murdoch as "Hamlet." 

THE YEAR OF 1856. 

The new year the National was brilliantly inaugurated by the 
production of 'The School for Scandal," with a caste of extraor- 



38 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

dinary merit. Sir Peter Teazle was Mr. Henry Placide, Charles 
Surface, Mr. James E. Murdoch; Joseph Surface, Mr. J. W. 
Wallack, Jr.; Careless, Mr. A. H. Davenport; Moses, Mr. Joseph 
Jefferson; Sir Benjamin Backbite, Mr. J. M. Davidson; Snake, 
Mr. Edwin Adams; Lady Teazle, Miss Lizzie Weston; and Mrs. 
Candour, Miss Kate Howe. There never were so many distin- 
guished players ever combined together in a comedy, at least in 
Washington, and for a week "standing room only" was placarded 
in the lobby. 

MAX MARETZEK. 

Max Maretzek for the first time appeared in Washington with 
his Italian Opera Troupe, with Madame de Baroness Anna De 
Lagrange. The opera " II Trovatore" was given two nights to 
a large and cultivated audience. 

F. S. CHANFRAU AND M.'LLE ALBERTINE. 

On January 16, Chanfrau and Miss Albertine played in comedy, 
"The First Night" and "Black Eyed Susan," being the at- 
traction. They were succeeded by Mr. Koothroyd Flairclough, 
who portrayed the "Moor of Venice." On their heels came 
Susan and Kate Denin, who, being ambitious, they struck high, 
Miss Susan essaying the role of the noble Dane who loved 
Ophelia, and Romeo who was beloved by the fairest of the House 
of the Capulets. It is said no woman can play "Hamlet," and 
the blue eyed Susan was probably no exception to the rule. 

The "J^aid Queen," a spectacular drama, came next, and it had 
the honor of ushering in a day performance. It seems singular 
that twenty years should elapse before the custom of matinees 
was inaugurated in this theater; but enterprise or reform was an 
innovation that the theater was the last to yield to, and it seems a 
real blindness on the part of the manager that the idea never 
•crossed their minds; it would have saved many of the directors of 
this theater from their utter failure. Certainly no lessee of the 
present day would rent a theater if he had to do without the mati- 
nee, which is the more profitable, generally, than any night per- 
formance. 

KUNKLE & CO. , MANAGERS. 

Another change of the officers is announced in March, 1856. 
Kunkel & Co.. became the lessees, Mr. Joseph Jefferson retired, 
and John T. Ford came to be manager. They had the super- 
vision of the Holiday Street Theater at Baltimore and the Mar- 
shall Theater at Richmond, Virginia, at this date. 

MAGGIE MITCHELL. 

They opened with Miss Maggie Mitchell, who made her first 
bow before the Washington public in a play called "The Little 
Treasure." 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 39 

Then came in succession Miss Agnes Robertson, Pyne and Har- 
rison's English Opera Troupe, Mr. Jas. Wallack, in the "Iron 
Mask;" Mr. J. H. Hackett, in "Henry IV.;" Mrs. Farren, in 
"Jane Shore." And the summer season ended with a benefit to 
the lessee, Mr. George Kunkel, in the drama of "The Washington 
Firemen." 

The fall season was opened September 8th, by Miss Laura 
Keene, in "Camille." 

PARODI. 

Maurice Strakosh now appeared upon the scene for the first 
time with the famous Parodi. She studied in Faris under the 
tuition of Pasta, and at the close, Pasta embraced her pupil and 
addressed her in these words: 

My child, God has endowed you with a noble voice. I have done for you 
all I can do. You are ready to appear before the world. Go, my child, and 
my blessing go with you. I shall live to behold in you the first singer in 
Europe. 

Her success was immense, and she came to America crowned 
with honors; her progress every where was a continued ovation. 
She was supported by Signor Tierieni, the great tenor, and Count 
Paul Julien. Her engagement lasted a week, her repertoire being 
"La Semiramide," "II Frugallo," "La Favorita," "Don Gio- 
vana," and "La Nozze de Figaro." She crowded the houses at 
triple prices. 

EDWIN BOOTH. 

Mr. Edwin Booth next appeared for the first time at the National 
as "King Richard the III.," with Mrs. Germon as the Dutchess 
of York. This lady soon became a great favorite with the Wash- 
ingtonians, and they in a measure adopted her, and she was always 
sure of a warm welcome whenever she appeared. 

A great deal of interest was manifested by the Washington pub- 
lic to witness Edwin Booth's debut.. His father, Junius Brutus, 
was the central figure — the sun. as it were, of the English stage — 
around whom revolved many luminaries. 

Among the opponents of hereditary genius, it was said that his 
son could not inherit his father's gift. A mother may transmit to 
her offspring her mental qualities, but a father never. 

These doubters came to the theater prepared to score a knock- 
down proof of the truth of thtir theory, and the young Edwin had 
a trying ordeal in appearing before an audience who remembered 
the superb acting of Junius Brutus Booth, in "Richard the 
Third" peculiarly, one of his masterly creations. Before the play 
was half over young Edwin conquered critics, doubters, and 
habitues alike. As great as was his illustrious father, the son 
stood his peer every inch. Not only he, but his ill- starred brother 
John Wilkes, inherited in a great degree his father's gifts. 

Edwin Booth is the pride and ornament of the American stage, 
he stands in his Aulelean majesty the finest Anglo Saxon artist 
alive. In person he is ideally handsome and has the glowering 



40 HISTOKY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

luminous eyes, the speaking face, the changeful voice, vast in vol- 
ume, and of marvellous flexibility and range. As a tragedian he 
compares to Edmund Kean. He is the only Hamlet in the world; 
as Claude Melnotte he is entrancing and fascinating beyond what 
words can tell, he gives to love-language numberless shades, gentle, 
naive, tender, tragic grace. 

His Richelieu is nature's self ; he never oversteps the bounds; no 
measured and artificial cadences; no unnatural pauses; no affecta- 
tion, but the great Cardinal, albeit but a weak old man, rises in 
his majesty, and shows us at last the secret of his mighty power, 
which made him the master of France, against all " steel, poison, 
malice, domestic and foreign levy." 



Kcnkel & Co Lessees 

John T. Fobd Manager 

(Also of Holiday St. Theater, Balto., Richmond, Va., Theatre, and Ports- 
mouth, Va., Theatre.) 

Stage Manager Mb. I. B. Phillips 

John Wells Treascrer- 

Prioes of Admission. 

Dress Circle and Parquette ,. .50 cts. 

Procenium Boxes $8 and f 10 00 

Orchestra Chairs #1 00 

Reserved Seats - 75 cts. 

Private Boxes... *5 00 

Family Circle 25 cts. 

Colored Boxes 50 cts. 

Colored Gallery 25 cts. , 

THIRD SHAKESPEAREAN EVENING. 



Fifth Appearance and Benefit of the eminent Young Tragedian, 

MR. EDWIN BOOTH, . 

Who for the first time presents his name to a Washington Audience as 

a Beneficiary. 



Friday evening, November 21, 1853, will be presented Shakespeare's great 

Play entitled the 

MERCHANT OF VENICE. 

Shylock Mr. Edwin Booth 

Antonio •. Mr. H. A. Langdon 

Gratiano W. H. Briggs 

Lorenzo T. Shirley 

Bassanio - . W. H. Bokee 

Old Gobbo W. Ellis 

Launcelot Mr. Jos. Parker 

Portia Mrs. Phillips 

Nerissa Miss Josephine Parker 

Jessica Miss Ellen Morant 



Fancy Dance Miss Ella Warren: 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 41 

After which the delightful Shakespearean Comedy of 

TAMING THE SHREW! 
1 A J1 x Mb. E. Booth 

Peteuchio "/.'.".. Mr. Jos. Parker 

g rumi ° .' .'.".Mr. W. H. Bokee 

Baptista Mr.Church 

Brondello Mr. Van Osten 

Hortensio . M Hig-ht 

Music Master ".i'/.Mr. Germon 

£ e ^ ro ' ....Mr. Phillips 

KeVme^sttimej::::::::^^ 

C^rtfs* ..'.'.'.'.'..WW'.'.'. ''.'.'..... '- '■ '""''.'"". V.V."." .".'.'.".' 'Mrs. Germon 



On to-morrow (Saturday) evening, MR. BOOTH'S FAREWELL! When 
he will appear as Sib Edward Mob nap, m Colman Great P^yotiu.1!. 
IRON CHEST ! " and in the glorious Comedy of LITTLE TODDLEKIiNte. 

In active preparation the gorgeous Fairy Spectacular Drama, entitled 

THE NAIAD QUEEN; 

OR, THE NYMPHS OF THE RHINE ! _ 

With entirely new and magnificient scenery, by the celebrated. Artist, 
Chas. S. Getz, Esq. Elaborate and Intricate Machinery, by Messrs Gar- 
diner & Smith. Splendid Costumes, by Mrs. Whalen, Glenn, Williams and 
others. During the piece, Grand Marches by sixteen Lovely Girls, arrayed. ( 
in costly and beautiful Armors, as Female Warriors. Doors open at t>/4, 
the curtain will rise at 1% o'clock. 

MISS FANNY MORANT, MANAGERESS. 

Still another change of managers. The Intelligencer of the 
date of December 29, 1856, presents the card of Miss Fannie Mor- 
ant, informing the public that she has become the lessee and 
directress of the National Theater. 

Miss Morant was not only an actress of fine talent, but a thorough 
business woman withal. She evidently intended to stay, for she 
changed the title of the house to Fanny Morant' s National Thea- 
ter, and led off as Peg Woffington, in "Masks and Faces." 

SECOND DESTRUCTION OF THE THEATER BY FIRE. 

January 12, 1856, saw another year dawn upon the theatre, and 
Mr. John E. Owens and Mrs. Melinda Jones celel rated it by ap- 
pearing in the comedy of "Self," followed by the farce of 
"A Kiss in the Dark." As the curtain fell upon the unthinking 
multitude indulging in uproarious merriment, none could have 
guessed that it would never rise again. The players, fagged out, 
hastily donned their daily costume, washed the paint and powder 
from their faces, and hurried to their hotel, never stopping to 
cast a glance behind at the building:, which they would 
never see again. The silence of night fell, the lights were out, 
and on the stage no living footsteps would ever fall. It may be the 
shades of tragedy stalked solemnly along, bidding adieu to the 
scenes of its many triumphs, and comedy might have passed 
across the silent boards, for once, its bright face grave, and its 
laughing eyes heavy with tears. 

The old National's day had come; its hour had struck, and the 
incendiary's torch was lighted. 



42 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 



At three o'clock it was set on fire, and in a few hours nothing 
but its bare walls remained. No lives were lost, no one was hurt; 
indeed throughout all the reverses of fortune the National has been 
the especial pet of the Goddess of Fortune. Fate could destroy it, 
but its good luck ever remained. During all of its existence for 
over a half a century, no person was ever killed or injured with- 







BOX OFFICE.— LOBBY VIEW. 



HISTOKY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 43 

in its walls. Once inside its doors, every life was a charmed one, 
neither flood or fire could harm it. There is no theater in America 
with such a record. . ._ , 

-The fire this time," said Mr. Moxley, "began in the property 
room, wbich was upstairs, and I was in the theater when it 
caught. I shall not forget the excitement. A New York party 
was about to produce a spectacle called 'Olympic Devils^ and we 
were getting up the scenery and properties for the piece 

The following card appeared in the Intelligencer, February U, 

1856: 

Tim »«tm«x and actresses, sufferers l>v the fire on Friday evening, appeal in 
thPT ^cmei4eScvto the generosity of the public, asking a favorable re- 
sponse to tiflir ^iVvitation on Tuesday evening at Odd Fellows' Hah, when 
In Attractive entertainment will be given, and a good opportunity for 
?enderingnTaterial aid and comfort to many who were m a moment rendered 
destitute of their all. 

For six years the dismantled walls of the National was all that 
remained to mark its site. For a couple of years after its destruc- 
tion there was a financial depression that swept over the country, 
and retarded all works of improvements, especially upon those 
buildings that were not indispensable. No profession feels hard 
times" so severely as the dramatic, and when people are forced to 
economize they always commence with dispensing with their 

amusements. . . .-. , T .. , 

Another fact miltitated against the erection of the National. 
The Presidential election was rapidly approaching, and the sec- 
tional bitterness that was smouldering between the north and 
south threatened soon to break out in open flame. In that case, 
capitalists feared that Washington would be the bone of conten- 
tion between the two contestants, and it would suiter the late oi a 
conquered city. In other words the National Capital was too close 
to the border of the Slave States to be secure and safe, and the 
prope-ty owners were very near a panic, and never was real estate 
and houses so cheap as during the three years preceding the civil 
war In 1859, '60, and '61, building operations were almost at 
a stand still, every one was uncertain of the Capital s future, and 
so, anion "■ the thousands of eligible building situations in the city 
that remained unimproved, the National was one of them.. 

At the threshold of the civil war, people were two much excited 
to attend a mimic representation, when the curtain was slowly 
rolling up on a stage that was a continent, whose actors were a 
nation, and the scenes and tableaux were sieges and battles, tear- 
fully realistic. The first year of conflict, the Capital was in con- 
stant clanger of conquest, and the booming of the Southern can- 
non at Mirason's Hill, but a few miles away, sounded a warning- 
menace that prevented any building enterprise m the city. 

Another year passed; all was changed, events succeeded each 
other so rapidly in the war period that impossibilities became facts. 
A mighty army protected the National Capital, an army whom 
the people looked upon as invincible; money was so plentiful that 



44 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

it floated everywhere, and now that Washington was safe, and 
the headquarters of a mighty Nation engaged in war, and filled 
with the civil and military agents of the Government, all flush of 
funds, the city jumped upwards in population and wealth like 
the towns of a rich mining camp. The artizan's trowel and ham- 
mer were heard all day long and far into the evening. Eeal estate 
made the fortunes of those who early invested in it; and trebled 
in value in a few months. In these war times the craving for ex- 
citement became chronic, the people and the soldiers wanted to be 
amused, the horrors around them demanded an antidote, and con- 
sequently the houses of amusement were packed. 

In the mean time the property had passed through various 
hands, and a portion of the grpund now occupied by the theater 
buildings had been sold to Allison Nailor. The board of mana- 
gers had changed in several respects, and among those who par- 
ticipated on one side or the other in the various deeds of trust 
were Thomas J. Semmes, W. D. Davidge, J. B. H. Smith, Wm. 
H. Winder, A. Hyde, Thomas R Sutor, James A. and John T. 
Lenman. A decree of sale was made by the equity court June 13, 
1856, and W. D. Davidge and Charles Wallach were made trus- 
tees. No sale was made, however, at the time, and on the 
breaking out of the war Mr. Wallach went south, Mr. John F. 
Ennis was substituted in his place as trustee, and in 1863, Messrs. 
Davidge and Ennis sold the entire property to W. E. Spaulding 
and W. W. Rapley for $35,100. 



CHAPTER IV 



THE FOURTH OPENING. — LEONARD GROVER, MANAGER. 

So it was that the National was re-built on a larger, more com- 
modious and expensive scale than ever before. It was finished in 
the spring of 1862. 

The following appears in the Evening Star, under date of April 
23,1862: 

GROVER'S THEATER. 

The old National Theater is again destined to shine in all its former 
glory. Mr. W. E. Spaulding has erected the New National, without re- 
gard to cost, upon the site of the old building, and has leased it for a tei'm 
of years to the popular and energetic manager, Mr. Leonard Grover . 
This building as completed has a capacity for about two thousand people. 
The ceiling and walls are elegantly frescoed and the boxes neatly and taste- 
fully painted and panelled. The scenery is from the pencil of Getz. To 
sum it all up, Mr. Spaulding has erected the largest, most comfortable, 
and most eligibly located theater in the city. 

PROGRAMME GROVER'S THEATER (Old National.) 



Leonard Grover Sole Lessee and Manager 

GRAND OPENING NIGHT AND INAUGURAL PERFORMANCE. 

This evening, April 22, 1862. 

THE SERIOUS FAMILY. 

AND THE FARCE J. J., OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT. 

As played by the most brilliant comedy combination that has ever ap- 
peared on the American stage. Inaugural overture by the entire Marine 
band of thirty-two performers, who have generously offered their'services 
for the new theater's initial performance. Miss Lettie Parker, Miss 
Sophia Gimber, Mrs. J. Germon, Miss Julia Nelson, Mrs. Hand, Mrs. J. S. 
Edwards, Miss Bramaire, Miss Williams, and a large and beautiful corps 
de ballet have volunteered their services for the occasion; also Messrs. 
Daniel Setchel. E. L. Tilton, R. S. Meldrum, H. B. Phillips, J. S. Edwards, 
J. Seymour, J. M. Ward, William Baker, L. Martin, N. G. Hill, and a com- 
plete corps of auxiliaries have offered their services. The Marine band 
will, between the acts, perform grand balcony concerts. 

Prices of Admission. 

Orchestra boxes '. . ..$10 00 

Orchestra Chairs 1 50 

Orchestra Circle 1 00 

Dress Circle 75 

Gallery , 25 

The Star says of this entertainment: 

Mr. Grover opened the house with an elegant and popular combination 
of artistic dramatique. Mjss Hough did well. We need not allude to the 
genius of Mrs. Germon ; her talent in comic parts is too well known to 
speak of here. She received several encores. The opening night was a 
grand success. 



46 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATEE. 

MAD. ELENA D'ANGRI. 

On Monday, May 5, 1862, came L. M. Gottschalk, pianist, in 
conjunction with Grau's Italian Opera Troupe, with Madame 
Elena D' Angri, soprano, and Signor Brignoli, the renowned tenor. 
** La Favorita " was produced, with the result, of course, of a full 
house. 

ANNIE LOUISE KELLOGG. 

On May 30, 1862, Miss Annie Louise Kellogg stepped for the 
first time before the footlights of the National, in the opera of 
" Lucia di Lammermor." 

This opera closed the season, which was the most prosperous 
one the theater had ever known. 

MR. AND MRS. W. J. FLORENCE. 

September 15, 1862, Mr. and Mrs. Florence in "Born to Good 
Luck." This ran a week, and was followed by "Damon and 
Pythias," with Mr. E. L. Davenport as the star. 

LUCILLE WESTERN. 

Miss Lucille Western commenced an engagement without a pre- 
cedent in the history of the National; her " Camille" took the city 
by storm, and she played to good houses for six consecutive 
weeks. 

YANKEE ROBINSON. 

The end of the year 1862 was marked by the first appearance of 
Yankee Robinson, in a new military comic drama called "The 
Times of '76 ; or, The Days That Tried Mens' Souls. " This piece, 
full of patriotic songs and sentiments, was a great favorite with 
the soldiers, and many a gallant fellow spent a week in the guard 
house for " running the blockade" to witness it. 

The Old National did a rushing business, and the managers and 
actors in these " piping days of peace," often look back regret- 
fully upon the flush times of the war, when everybody had money 
in their pockets, and spent it freely. Those days when it took a 
heavy detachment of local police to keep in order the long line of 
soldiery and citizens, who jammed the streets, waiting for the 
theater doors to open. 

THE YEAR OP 1863. — ANNIE PROVOST 

On January 5, 1863, Miss Annie Provost made her first dramatic 
debut in Washington, in Charles Reade's comedy of "Nell 
Gwynne," and concluded with a neat afterpiece written by Mana- 
ger Grover, called "Cape May Diamonds." 

Barney Williams and wife, and Laura Keene's "Comedy Con- 
gress," followed each with a week's engagement, and on March 
16th, E. L. Davenport and J. W. Wallack joined forces and 



HISTOKY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 47 



started with a very strong company. Emily Mestayer and Ada 
Parker being also in the company. They played Shakespearean 
roles only. 

In April the theater had Misses Susan Denin and Annette Ince, . 
playing "Romeo and Juliet," the latter well portrayed, but with 
Romeo personated by a woman the love scenes rather languished. 
Romeo's duel with the fiery Tybalt was a remarkable performance. 
His deadly thrusts consisted 
of a series of feminine pokes, 
more suggestive of the house- 
maid's routing a lazy dog 
from the hearth rug with the 
broom handle, than the keen 
rapier seeking the foeman's 
heart. 

JOHN WILKES BOOTH. 

On Saturday April 11, 1863, 
the announcement is made 
that the distinguished young 
actor, John Wilkes Booth, 
will make his first appearance 
in Washington as "King 
Richard the III." 

A very large and fashion- 
able audience greeted him, 
and, a singular coincidence, 
President Lincoln and Sena- 
tor Oliver P. Morton occu- 
pied a private box. As the 
great Lincoln sat there, 
heartily applauding the 
young actor, how little he 
imagined that he beheld his 
fate, and the delicate hand 
that handed the signet ring 
in play to the Governor of the Tower, was destined to hold the fatal 
weapon that was to end his own life at a time when he had climbed 
the very pinnacle of human greatness. 

Mr. J. Wilkes Booth played but one engagement in this house, 
the occasion referred to. After considerable trouble and research 
we were enabled to procure the play bill of that engagement, and 
here reproduce it: 




ORCHESTRA CIRCLE GAS FIXTURE. 



48 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

2<3-ATIOITAL T H IE .A- T ^ E 



Leonard Groyer Sole Lessee and Manager. 



Firstlappearance of the distinguished young actor, 

J. WILKES BOOTH 

INI'HIS CELEBRATED CHARACTER OF DUKE OP GLOSTER, 

Afterwards Richard III. 
Saturday evening April 11, Shakespeare's Tragedy, 

RICHARD III; 

CR, THE BATTLE OF BOSWORTH FIELD. 



Richard III J. Wilkes Booth 

Richmond E. H. Brink 

King Henry Willi am Bailey 

Buckingham S. K. Chester 

Norfolk C. Williams 

Prince of Wales Mrs. Edwards 

Duke of York >.Miss Susie Parker 

Stanley ■ Mr. Stevens 

Catesly J. Edwards 

Lord Mayor. J. Parker 

Ratcliffe . ...W. Barron 

Oxford — Mr. Acker 

Blunt Mr. Kil oourn 

Lieut of Tower H. Wyoroy 

,Tirrell Mr. Hillyard 

Queen^Elizaheth Miss Alice Grey 

Lady Anne , Miss Effie Germon 

Duchess of York Mrs. Muzzy 



Several troupes of no great celebrity played at the National, 
and the season was ended on July 8th by a benefit to the attaches 
of the theater— Miss Susan Denin, Mr. C. B. Bishop, and Miss 
Jennie Gourley. 



CHAPTER V. 



THE FIFTH OPENING. 

For nearly a year the proprietors, Messrs. Spaulding and Rapley, 
had a large force at work on the National, .and they spent thous- 
ands of dollars in its renovation. 

The following card appears in the daily papers: 

Washington, Sept. 24, 1864. 
Since the close of the summer season, the proprietors of this building, 
Messrs. Spaulding and Rapley, have been making alterations and improve- 
ments, nearly amounting to the reconstruction of the edifice. Mr. Grover 
remains lessee of the New National. The work of the proprietors was 
done under the immediate supervision of those excellent builders Messrs. 
Entwisle and Barron. 

THE YEAR OF 1864. — MAD. PONISI. 

The National, newly renovated, decorated, painted^and lighted, 
threw open its spacious doors on the opening night, September 5, 
1864, with the William Warren Combination which played for two 
weeks and was followed by the European tragedienne Madame 
Ponisi, as the Marquise de Pompadour, in the five act play of 
"Narcisse." E. L. Davenport played in October with a strong 
troupe, the drama being the ''Iron Mask," and the next month 
Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Wallack gave the tragedy of the "Gamester." 

The first of December found the Ravel^ Troupe delighting their 
audiences by their wonderful feats of skill. 

Christmas week was a gala one at the National. A spectacular 
play called "The Relief of Lucknow," in which there was enough 
burnt powder, blue lights and sulphur to suit even the soldiers 
who had just come from the front. 

THE YEAR OF 1865- — AVONIA JONES. 

The opening of the year 1865 was marked by the advent of no 
less a person than the celebrated Miss Avonia Jones in the part of 
"Leah the Forsaken." This Miss Jones was the daughter of Count 
Johannes Jones, the eccentric actor, and this was her last engage- 
ment in this city. At her benefit she presented "Romeo and 
Juliet." J. Wilkes Booth playing Romeo to her Juliet. 

Vestvali, or the Magnificent, as she was called, or called herself, 
gave a week in running one tragical play called "The Jewish 
Mother." 

All of this fog of mediocrity was cleared away by the brilliant 
sun of Booth, who opened in the latter part of March, finely sup- 
ported by such fine stock actors and actresses as Messrs. J. J. 



50 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Prior, Charles Barron, Miss Alice Placide, and Miss Shelton, 
"Hamlet" was given magnificently, both in acting and in mount- 
ing 

Grover's Grand German Opera, in "Faust," came next with 
twenty-three artists, and a large and thoroughly drilled chorus. 

Then followed successively Davenport, in "Othello;" Mary 
Probst, in the "Hunchback;" Charlotte Thompson, as "Little 
Barefoot;" George Kunkel, as "Uncle Tom and his Cabin." The 
latter gave matinees, with the price fixed at 30 cents to any 
and all parts of the house. 

The last play in this season, was Miss Kate Vance, who, with 
her educated horse Don Juan, appeared in a play called "Mazeppa; 
or, the Wild Horse of Tartary." 

President Lincoln had the offer of a box during this engagement, 
and on the evening of his assassination he had almost determined 
to accept ; t, and given up the idea of going to Ford's. Unhappy 
decision; had he gone to the National, he would perchance be 
alive to-day, the most beloved of all Americans. 

The following card was issued by the managers on the occasion of 
the assassination: 

The manager deems it proper to announce that in view of the terrible 
calamity which has befallen our country in the untimely death of our be- 
loved President, he considers it meet and proper that the National shall 
remain closed until the general grief which overshadows our community 
shall have subsided. Therefore we close the theater indefinitely. 

WILLIAM H. CRANE. 

The Holman Opera Troupe opened the fall season; among them 
was a young comedian, William H. Crane, who afterwards achieved 
fame and fortune in conjunction with Stuart Robson. 

James E. Murdoch began the period by playing Hover, in "Wild 
Oats." Mrs. D. P. Bowers, succeeded him with a fair play, 
called "Loves Sacrifice," in which the heroiness gives up a brown 
stone front, a cottage by the sea, a pair of bays and an opera box, 
all for love, and marries the poor young man. We rarely indeed 
see this loves sacrifice, except on the boards by gaslight. 

THE YEAR OF 1866. 

Maggie Mitchell, like the theater rejuvenated, repainted, and as 
bright as a dollar, opened January 8th, with a three weeks en- 
gagement, playing "Fanchon," the "Cricket" and "Little Bare- 
foot" alternately. 

MR. AND MRS. CHARLES KEAN. 

Mr. and Mrs. Barney Williams played for several weeks to over- 
flowing houses, and were followed by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean 
who performed the latter part of March in "Henry the VIII." 
The play was finely mounted and well acted. The prices during 
Mr. Kean's performances were doubled. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 51 

In May the announcement is made that the talented young 
"Washingtonian, J. Newton Gotthold, will make his first appear- 
ance in this city as "Othello." His name was a good one, but he 
never got hold of Washington's public patronage, for he did not 
appear in this theater again. 

In the month of May. Holman's Juvenile Opera Troupe played 
Cinderella— chiefly to nurses and children. Cotton and Murphy 's 
minstrel show held out for a week. 

JOHN T. FORD, MANAGER. 
LOTTA. 

On June the first, Mr. John T. Ford took temporary charge of 
the National, and brought out that champagne-cocktail of the pro- 
fession, Miss Lotta, who turned the heads and even the hearts of 
the Washingtonians. She was assisted by Mr. Theodore Hamil- 
ton, his first appearance here. He had been a soldier in Lee's 
army, and no doubt enjoyed the mimic splendor of the stage, 
and sweet music of the orchestra, better than standing a lonely 
vigil on picket duty in a blinding rain, or being chased by a 
score of blue coats through fen and fallow. Mr. Hamilton was 
for years a most popular actor with the Washingtonians. 

In July, Lubin Brothers, necromancers and scientific illusionists, 
illustrated their proficiency in the dark art. This engagement 
closed the theater. 

SPAULDING & RAPLEY, MANAGERS. 

The fall and winter season of 1866, was inaugurated first by a 
card to the public stating that Grover's National Theater would 
resume its former name of the "National," with Spaulding and 
Hapley as proprietors, and J. R. Spackman as stage manager. 

In October Mrs. F. W. Lander played Pauline, in the "Lady of 
Lyons." 

The latter part of the month F. S. Chanfrau made his second ap- 
pearance in Washington, in the original production of "Sam," 
his success was marvellous, and he struck a new and unique vein, 
full of true pathos and humor, and the people responded to those 
touches of nature, and thronged the theater. 

The ever popular Opera Troupe, Richings, wound up the last 
month of October. 

Tragedy succeeded the opera, and Mr. J. W. Wallack, as 
"Hamlet" "still unpacked his heart with words!" 

JOSEPH JEFFERSON. ■ 

November brought Mr. Jefferson to the National— not now as in 
the past, a combined manager, treasurer, doorkeeper or anything, 
now ready to play any part to fill up anj* needed chink. Instead 
he came a conquerer, he had climbed from the bottom to the 
eminence of the first comedian of America. His "Bob Acres," 
and "Caleb Plummer," crowded the theater. 



52 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 



I! 1 ''!'.'.' 



BISTORT. 

In December the lovers of the drama had a real treat in store 

for them, the 
greatest living 
actress was 
soon to grace 
and honor the 
stage of the 
National with 
her presence. 
Ristori's repe- 
toire was 
"Medea," 
"Mary, Queen 
of Scotts," 
"Queen Eliza- 
beth," and 
"Marie An- 
toinette." Her 
tine physique, 
noble carriage, 
wonderful 
facial expres- 
sion, made her 
great in posing 
and panto- 
mime. Her 
versatility was 
wonderful. In 
her several 
death scenes 
she acted all 
differently. 
Her dramatic 
passion at 
times was sub- 
lime. In the 
second act of 
"Medea" (her 
favorite role), 
after the scene 
with Jason, 
she falls upon 
a seat frantic 
with anger and 
grief; her sobs 
were so heart 

rendering, her agony so unutterably pitiable that their was literally 

not a dry eye in the theater. 




ORCHESTRA RAIL AND PILLAR. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 53 

Ristori has been compared often to Rachel. They frequently 
•played against each other in Paris. Guizot admirably described 
the two. Rachel is the beau ideal of an aristocratic tragic actress 
and Ristori the beau ideal democratic actress. 

The National was squeezed tight with a most enthusiastic audi- 
ence. Ristori' s engagement was a magnificent ovation from first 
to last, and those who were so fortunate as to see her, knew that 
she might possibly be equalled, but the world could not produce 
her superior. Her ' 'Marie Antoinette' ' was sublime and infinitely 
touching; her '-Mary, Queen of Scots," was perfection itself. One 
could understand that sovereignty of beauty which swayed pen's 
wills, and the Circean power that made them die for the frail, but 
surpassingly fascinating queen. 

THE YEAR OF 1867. 

• The new year of 1867 found Mr. Jefferson recalled to Washing- 
ton, and on New Year's night he gave to the public of this city— 
for the first time— that immortal creation, "Rip Van Winkle. ' ' A 
greater, more tender, more lovable character never enthralled an 
audience, or melted them in tears. Of course every seat was filled, 
and every foot of ground in the aisles occupied. 

Certainly the winter of 1866-7 was the most brilliant ever wit- 
nessed in Washington. Wallack, Davenport, Lotta, Vestvali, 
Mrs. Lander, Chanfrau,The Richings' Opera, Jefferson, the great 
Ristori, and Max Maretzeks' Grand Italian Opera. 

In February, Mrs. F. W. Lander, appeared as "Adrienne the 
Actress," for two weeks. 

Edwin Forrest appeared for ten nights. 

Age had only enhanced his talents; for as years past had brought 
the philosophic mind, they tempered and refined the animal 
fierceness, strained out the crudity and excess, and a true imagi- 
native portraiture took the place of sensational realizing. He 
played the role for the first time here of "Richelieu," with Miss 
Lillie as Julie D'Mortimer. 

JOHN BROUGHAM. 

March 4, 1867, Mr. John Brougham, the poet-author and play- 
right— as well as comedian— makes his first appearance as Dr. 
Savage, in his own original comedy, in four acts, entitled, "Play- 
ing with Fire." . 

After him came John E. Owens, with an engagement of six 
nights, the play being "Dot; or, The Cricket on the Hearth.'* 

Miss Rachel Johnson then appeared as Lady Isabel, in "East 
Lynne." She was supported by Mr. B. Macauley. 

JULIA DALY. 

In April, Miss Julia Daly, who had won a national reputation 
as a comic actress, made a hit in the play of "Our Female Ameri- 
can Cousin." She drew fair sized audiences throughout the 
week. 



54 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Mr. Wallack followed in an entirely new play entitled, " A.. 
Dangerous Game." 

Miss Lucille Western scored a splendid success as Lady Isabel, 
in "East Lynne." All other stars " paled their ineffectual fires ' : 
before her. She was the original wedded maid and widowed wife 
of the great novel and play — the others only copies. 

J. S. CLARKE. 

J. S. Clarke, the capital comedian, scored an undiminished suc- 
cess in "Toodles," and as Major Wellington De Boots, in "Every- 
body's Friend." 

The Richings' Grand Opera followed with a very strong troupe. 
Win, Castle, the sweetest American tenor that ever sang; S. G. 
Campbell, the baritone so rich and full, whose Beppo in "Fra 
Diavolo " can never be forgotten; H. C. Peakes, and little Mrs. 
Zelda Seguin, with her pretty face and exquisite contralto. 

They played a week to full houses, and by a general request 
they extended their time six nights more— a compliment that the 
Washington public — the most critical on earth — rarely give to any 
one. 

The fall opening, September 16, 1867, was commenced by the 
Richings' Opera Troupe, with a three weeks' engagement. They 
met with deserved success. 

October 8th found Chanfrau as "Sam," playing a two weeks' 
engagement. He also gave his unequalled imitations of Booth, 
Keene, Williams, and his "take-off" of Bob Brierly, in the 
"Ticket-of-Leave-Man," brought down the house. 

Ristori, the sublime, in "Elizabeth" and "Marie Antoinette," 
and none but a woman of transcendent genius could faithfully 
portray her queens — the very antipodes of each other. 

Maggie Mitchell followed in "Fanchon," and after her came 
the burly-rolling tub-of-intestines, honest Jack Falstaff, with the 
"only" Hackett in the title role. 

Edwin Forrest played a two weeks engagement in his famous 
and familiar roles. He brought out "Matamoras," this appear- 
ance. 

Full houses greeted John Brougham during his two weeks stay 
at the National. David Copperfield dramatized, with Brougham 
as the immortal Micawber. Also "A Gentleman from Ireland." 

THE YEAH OF 1868. — THE AGE OF OPERA BOUFFE. 

Tragedy, comedy, farce, and the opera had alternately amused, 
interested or excited the people, and now there was a new depart- 
ure, and a new era in music. The majestic statue of art was 
to be adorned with the Jester's cap and bells, and the Bacchante 
was to be crowned with the laurel of Melpomone, and the oak of 
Thalia. 



• HISTOEY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. o5 

W L. Bateman, with his Parisian Opera Bouffe, opened Jan- 
nary, 1868, at the National, with Offenbach's, "Grand Duchess/' 
The novelty drew crowds, and the capricious fancy of the public 
was completely captivated, and "Opera Bouffe" was now the 
furore and rage for a Ions time. 

February, Mikado's Japanese Troupe gave entertainments well 
worth seeing. . 

The three months of March, April and May, 1868, passed with 
three celebrities at the National. Maggie Mitchell, in "Little 
Barefoot;" Joe Jefferson, as "Rip Vau Winkle," and three fare- 
well performances of Madame Adelaide Ristori, before her de- ' 
parture for Europe. When the curtain fell on her last night per- 
formance, it did not rise again until the regular autunan season. 

When the curtain, gliding up on the night of September 7th, it 
showed the glittering spectacle and enchantments of the "Black 
Crook," its first appearance in Washington, and the public curi- 
osity was so great, that nearly every desirable seat was bought up 
at the box office before night. 

Offenbach's Comic Opera then held undisputed sway for. some 
weeks. 

Christmas week was one of delight to those who loved pure 
opera. Max Maretzek, with Madame La Grange and corps of 
artists gave the Italian and German Opera with fine effect, and 
the old year died with its lasts moments soothed by the exquisite 
tones of La Grange and Signer Brignpli, that mingling in dulcet 
harmony formed a fitting requiem to old '68. 

THE YEA.lt OP 1869. 

The year 1869, was inaugurated by the advent of the Chapman 
Sisters, in the musical burlesque of "Cinderella." Another brace 
of talented sisters, appears and drew only moderately well, they 
were styled the Zavistowski Sisters, and rendered "Ixion, or the 
Man at the Wheel," and the romantic drama of "The Dumb Girl 
of Genoa." 

Joe Jefferson then appears, with "Rip Van Winkle." which he 
used to say he was sick and tired to death of, that the monotony 
was maddening, but as the public never wearied of it, he kept on 
in a ding dong here-we-go-style, purely as a matter of business, 
and piled up the ducats. 

In April the Hanlon Brothers in their astonishing gymnastic 
feats. 

In the beginning of May, Dan Bryant's Ministrel Troupe made 
a decided hit. They gave operas entire, with Dan as the soprano. 
A morning paper says the performance was " II Trovatore," 
which would have astonished Verdi if he had heard it. 

The lovers of the Shakespearean drama, who turn up ^ their 
noses at the opera bouffe, sniff at the minstrels, and religiously 
keep away from the spectacular which did the bare legged ballet, 
now hasten to the theater to see Mrs. Scott Siddons make her 



56 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER, 

debut as Rosalind, in "As You Like It." The critics say Mrs. 
Siddons was handsome, graceful and pleasing as Rosalind, but her 
acting was occasionally marred by mannerisms. 

OnMay 27th the theater was closed for the summer by a bene- 
fit to the attaches of the National. Messrs. Joseph Sessford, Par- 
ker, Buckingham, Vesey and Jamison. They weie made happy 
by a first-class house. 

The National was opened on September 11th by Leffing wells 
Burlesque Combination, the play being the "Gushing Clormda. 

The ever warmly welcomed Richings' Opera Troupe came next 
with the usual result. 

This seemed a flush year for minstrel shows, for another turns 
up called Newcomb's Burlesque Artists, with Joe Emmet, the 
Dutch delineator, as an attraction. The papers spoke highly of 
the ir performance. 

In November, Mile. Rita Sangalli and her troupe was billed to 
play the fairy burlesque called "Flick-Flock." The papers the 
next morning remark: 

It was a disastrous and complete failure and mortifying break-down, 
owing to the non-arrival of the music from Baltimore in time for re- 
hearsal. 

ROSE AND HARRY WATKINS. 

In November, Rose and Harry Watkins played a dramatization 
of Ouidas famous novel, "Under Two Flags," and Rose Watkins' 
rendition of the sparkling, bewitching, little devil, Cigarette, was 
perfection herself. The house was crowded. 

Maurice Grau now comes with his Grand German Opera, with 
a whole hott of artists with jaw cracking names. The critic of 
the Chronicle said the next morning: 

" The Magic Flute performance last night did not strike us very favor- 
ably in consequence of the lack of ensemble." 

If you have tears prepare to shed them now, for here comes 
Lucille Western to unlock the founts, or, as Sam Weller would 
say, turn the water-works on. Her conception of Lady Isabel was 
good, but her Madame Vine in "East Lynne," was the saddest, 
most sorrowful rendition of human grief and despair that was 
seen on the boards of the National for along time. "East Lynne" 
ran for two weeks. 

The closing year of 1869, found Mr. and Mrs. Claude Hamilton 
in the melodrama, "The Murder by the Roadside Inn." 

THE YEAR OY 1870. 

Mr. and Mrs. Florence opened the year of 1870 by the "Colleen 
Bawn." 

MISS BATEMAN. 

Engagement for six nights of the celebrated American trage- 
dienne, Miss Batem.an, is what meets our eye on the bill boards on 
the streets. She played the character of Mary Warner, in the play 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 57 



of that title, supported by Mr. George Jordan. President Grant 
and wife, Generals Porter and Sherman, were present, ihe an- 
nouncement that General Sherman was present is superfluous, tol- 
as regularly as the week came around he proceeded to the Na- 
tional, his long ungainly form, whimsical face, and shrewd eyes 
was familiar to 
the habitues of 
the pit. He was 
always demo- 
cratic to the core, 
hated boxes, de 
spised form, and 
went to en joy the 
play as one of 
the people, not 
as a big general 
with a noisy 
staff. General 
Grant was so fre- 
quent a visitor 
to the theater, 
that his presence 
never excited re- 
mark, and rarely 
produced a local 
notice in the 
paperk 

Another Bur- 
lesque Opera 
Company, Lin- 
gard's, in the 
"Captain of the 
Watch." They 
werewell re- 
ceived. 

A rush to the 
box office, and a 
double price for 
a seat marks the 
advent of Max 
Maretzek's 
Grand Italian 
Opera Company. 
Brial, Lumley, 

Lefranc, & c . 

The criticism by the press on "Trovatore," is that Signor Lefranc 
has a voice of rare purity and power, but that the Prima Donna 
Madame Brial' s voice lacks freshness, and appears worn and 
strained. No mention is made of the lesser lights. 




PRESS CIRCLE STAIRWAY. 



58 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

The "Horse Opera," for the twentieth time. Burnt cork seems 
to he king, and any man in the Union who can sing a song or pick 
the banjo, straightway joins a minstrel show. The years 1869 
and '70, were prolific of these combinations, the public taste set 
that way, 2md"lllfaut que le publiqueS "amuse." Kelly & Leons' 
combination of burnt corkers, gave a burlesque entitled, "Matri- 
mony." 

February 7th. E. L Davenport, for a week, roles "Hamlet" 
and "A New Way to Pay Old Debts." Maggie Mitchell, in the 
"Pearl of Savoy," for two weeks to only moderate houses. 

The spring of 1870 was marked by the return of many of the 
old favorites. Mrs. D. P. Bowers, in "Lady Audley's. Secret;" 
John Owens, as "Solon Shingle;" Jefferson, as "Rip;" Lotta, in 
the "Little Detective;" John Brougham, in the "Red Light;" 
Mrs. Bowers, in "Marie Stuart," and E. L. Davenport, in "The 
Soldier of. Fortune," followed each other consecutively, to good, 
bad and indifferent houses as the case may be. 

The close of the spring season was marked by two benefits. The 
first was a grand complimentary testimonial to manager Spauld- 
ing, on which occasion, Mr. E. L. Davenport, Miss Annette Ince, 
and Frank Mordant volunteered their services. The comedy was 
"Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady." 

The night after was another benefit, this time to that popular 
artiste, Mrs. G. C. Germon, on which occasion the lovely actress, 
Miss Effie Germon appeared in the role of Jessie Brown, or the 
"Relief of Lucknow." A big crowd assembled, and Mrs. Ger- 
mon' s friends gave her a fine send o3!, 

JOE K. EMEETT. 

On September 23, 1870, Joe Emmet appeared for the first time 
before the footlights of the National in the role that he had made 
so famous, as Fritz, in our "German Cousin." 

W. E. SPAULDING, MANAGER. 

Mr. William E. Spaulding announces that he is the sole mana- 
ger of the National. 

Mr. and Mrs. Florence in "Handy Andy." 

And then Oliver Doul Byron was heralded as bringing a show 
worth paying a dollar to witness. It was a real lurid drama called 
"Across the Continent," and the blue and red lights were in con- 
stant demand. People Outside the theater thought a battle was 
going on inside, judging from the rattle of the musketry and 
shouts of the combatants. 

Lucille Western in the "weeping business" again, old role, 
succeeded by the Ravel Family; and next pretty Miss Lotta, and 
Mrs. and Mr. Barney Williams, played through November, and 
the following two weeks were Mrs. Lander and Rose Watkins, the 
former in "Queen Elizabeth," the latter in "Under Two Flass." 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 59 



CHARLES FECHTER. 

The world renowned actor, Charles Fechter, mile his ri rst ap- 
pearance at the National December 16, 1371, as Claude Melnotte, 
with Caroline Leclerque as -Pauline. He scored a splendid suc- 
cess. 

There was no performance for two weeks afterwards in conse- 
quence of the extensive arrangements for bringing out the new 
Christmas pantomime of "See-Saw; or, The old Woman that lived 
in the Shoe," which had been in preparation for several months 
past. New scenery, new costumes, new calcium lights, a large 
chorus, not only showed the tact and enterprise of Mr. Spaulding, 
the owner, but of Mr. Parker, stage manager, as well. 

"The Old Woman that Lived in the Shoe" had a run of several 
nights and a matinee. Nearly every child in Washington saw 
this scene from wonderland, and it set every infantile tongue gab- 
bling like mad, and how many hours of sleep the "innocents" lost 
in consequence, only the tired nurses could tell. It played its 
final performance on New Year's night. 

THE YEAR OF 1871. — MRS. SCOTT SIDDONS. 

The following well know stars, gleamed at the National, and 
then disappeared for a time: Fechter, as "Hamlet," drew crowded 
houses, and his delineation of the Dane, drew unmeasured praise 
from press and people. Mrs. Scott Siddons acted as "Romeo," 
who, by the way, is responsible for many a woman donning that 
portion of the masculine attire known as pants ani breech e s. 

LYDIA THOMPSON. 

Mrs. Bowers, in "Lady Audley's Secret," and Lydia Thompson 
with her troupe of bare limbed blondes literally set the town on 
fire, great throngs packed the National. "Lurline" a burlesque, 
was received, as the bills would say with rapturous applause. The 
fair kicker Lydia made her engagement a huge success. 

MARIE SEEBACH. 

Madame Marie Seebach announces herself as the greatest living- 
tragedienne, and played "'Mary Stuart" and "Addrienne Lecour- 
reur" for a week, but the memory of Ristori and Matilda Heron 
in those roles was so fresh and vivid in people's minds that the 
Madame suffered by the contrast. 

Leonora Cavender, played a week to poor houses, in a play 
called the "Ups and Downs of City Life." People did not require 
to pay a dollar to see ups and downs, they had them free of 
charge. 

Another sensational play is put upon the boards, called "Neck 
and Neck," by E. T. Stetson, a youth hitherto unknown to fame. 
This drama had a very realistic gallows and railroad scene, and 
people fond of thrills could shiver down to their boot heels at the 
narrow escapes. 



60 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Chanfrau appears with a new play called "Kit;" it attracted 
overwhelming crowds, and the ''Arkansas Traveller" rose to de- 
served eminence at last. 

April 10th, Joe Jefferson still playing "Old Rip" to new people 
and old friends. 

FRANK MAYO. 

Succeeding him was Frank Mayo, in the "Streets of New York," 
and on April 24, 1871, the season was closed by one weeks en- 
gagement of Carncross and Dixie's Minstrels. They were an 
Ethiopian success. 

J. G. SAVILLE, MANAGER. 

On Friday, August 16th, the theater threw open its doors 
for the benefit of the Washington Monument Fund, under the 
auspices of the Washington Literary Association, "The Ticket-of- 
Leave-Man" was played. As it was" in the middle of the dog days, 
with the thermometer at 89° in the night time, the result was 
that the theater had held larger audiences in its days. 

Florence played one week at the opening in September 23, 1872, 
and was greeted by a large and enthusiastic audience. 

October 1st, Miss Susan Denin and Signorini Antonnini, in the 
"Palace of Truth." A morning paper speaking in a Pickwickian 
sense says: 

Frank and blunt people who wish to see what results from telling the 
truth all the time should go and pay attention. Politicians are in no need 
of the lesson. 

Mrs. Bowers, in her role of "AmyRobsart," followed by the 
Holman Opera Troupe, in the ' Grand Duchess," which the press 
says was well performed, though the Prima Donna, Sallie Holman, 
was not equal to her part. 

October 28, Mr. J. G. Saville, as Elliott Gray, in Lester Wal- 
laces play of "Rosed ale." Both the actor and the play met with 
only indifferent success. 

Kate Putnam then came in the "Old Curiosity Shop," and made 
a very favorable impression. 

MAY SAVILLE. 

Following them was Joe Proctor and May Saville, in "The Red 
Pocket Book," a sensational play in the truest meanino- of the 
word. 

November 25th, the Fifth Avenue Combination, Mr. Geo C 
Boniface and Miss Georgia Langley, in "Divorce." It didnot meet 
with the success it deserved. It may possibly have recalled un- 
pleasant memories to some people. 

LESTER WALLACK. 

Lester Wallack came with "Central Park," not the reservation 
but a play, and starred it for a week, and then left denouncing the 
want of taste of tbe Washington public. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATOIXAL THEATER. 61 

"After Dark," by a stock company, then a play called "Fee Fo 
Fe Fum," by Prof. Davis's Educated Dogs, which attracted more 
custom than many dramas performed by bipeds. 

DION BOUCICAULT. 

Dion Boucicault and Miss Agnes Robertson, in that humorous 
and pathetic comedy, "Arrah NaPogue." They were greeted by 
magnificent houses. 

The fall season brought many well-known stock actors, but no 
stars of the first magnitude. Lester Wallack, in "Rosedale;" 
Charles Matthews, in "Married for Money;" Mrs. Chanfrau, in 
"Christie Johnson;" Manager Saville, in "Saratoga," and he 
proved himself a very fair comedian, full of vim, and an actor of 
great magnetism. 

THE YEAR OF 1872. 

January, 1872, brought the Grand German Opera with the tenor 
Wachtel as the attraction. The house was well filled with a criti- 
cal and cultivated audience, and the universal verdict was one of 
utter disappointment, and the manager left Washington a wiser 
and a madder man. He found that he could not impose on the 
natives by employing a fair tenor and a collection cf broken down 
singers with unpronounciable names, who tried to palm off discord 
as scientific German music. 

Maggie Mitchell, Emmet and Lingard, in their usual roles, 
came in their turn. 

CHRISTINE NILLSON. 

The advent of the season was the arrival of Maurice Strackosh's 
Grand Italian Opera, with the renowned Mad. Christine Nillson, 
and Sign or Brignoli, tenor. Double prices, and a brilliant and ap- 
preciative audience. A press notice says: 

Madame Christine Nillson as Lucia fully sustained her high reputa- 
tion and awoke genuine enthusiasm. She was lost in her part, and seemed 
olilivious of the presence of her audience, with one excusable exception. 
When the charms of her music seemed to soothe the savage breasts of the 
attaches of the Japanese Embassy sitters, in the front row, her singing 
put them all in a profound slumber. This seemed to he too ridiculous to 
escape the attention of the conscientious artist, and she had great diffi- 
culty to keep from giving away to uncontrollable mirth, and proceed with 
her part. 

Monsieur Capoul won golden opinions from the audience, and 
received several encores. 

Next came the Oates' Opera Company, which was good; and 
then Lydia Thompson with her blondes, which was better, and 
the seats were all sold. 

EMMA SOLDENE. 

After them came Emma Soldene's Opera Bouffe Company, 
which was the best of all, and not even standing room was to be 
had. 



62 HiSTOEY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Mrs. John Wood made a hit with her London Comedy Com- 
pany, in refined burlesque. 

The theater was closed June 26, 1872, by Skiff and Gaylord's 
minstrels. 

JANAUSCHEK. 

The year of 1872 and '73, was opened by Janauschek, in "Mary 
smart. This actress was in her prime, and neither age or bodily 
infirmity had come to diminish her great powers. She had in- 
tense passion and massive force of mind. Janauschek was given 
to artistic exaggeration, but her stateliness and pomp carried her 
through when lesser woman would be swamped. A brilliant and 
critical audience greeted her, and she achieved a genuine triumph 
Her engagement lasted a week. i 

m'lle aimee. 

DrirnT S^S ** $?"* °1 the 0pera Bouffe, M'lle Aimee, in her 
prime, full of deviltry and grace. The piece was "Barbe Bleue " 
and as many got in the theater as could wed-e themselves ir S P 

S rS$LZ° f ^ T T he °P era Bouffe is a FfenchTvention and 
nobody but a French woman with her native abandon dash vi 

p^VT* 7 ith *?* enou ^ h w ^kedness to make it pitman " 
OnPrpV 1 ff StlCe> Ai i nee Was made for the Pera Bouffe and 
semWe WM made f ° r her ' and S0 !t was a narmonizedTn 

THE YEAR OP 1873. 
THIRD DESTRUCTION OF THE THEATRE BY FIRE. 

Alice Oates now appears with her Comic fWra "RrmfrV n~ 
pany, and though the much married Alice does fine y fo -In Ame?!' 
XKS'Z* *<* ac « ta g ™«™ i» comparison wUhAimee't A,' 
dettfn// C6 S . hee S Vanished - and ^e curtain rang down i't was 
tnfhffi n rV° ? se a « ain - for the old National now fell a nTev 
a? 1 i^n flend ? WaS 5 urned the next morning Januly 28 1873 y 

fi ro %i,„ y ^^uiiiy, iuarjiana, but a few moments beforp thA 

capa^ofXut t a w h o n ?hZsand eT 7hf,Sse C e' £* ?%'£%* 
wardrobe helped in a ta^^&ftJ&SET*. Wh ° Se 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 63 

W. W. RAPLEY, OWNER OF THE NATIONAL. 

Many men of medium nerve would have been daunted by such 
a calamity occurring twice., and losing thousands of dollars each 
time by the untoward event; but Mr. Rapley' s acts proved that he 
was a man of no ordinary mould. Difficulties and misfortunes 
only, seemed to bring out his determined indomitable will, that 
burned the brighter when the hour was the darkest. Like Mar- 
shall Ney, his genius never shone in its brilliancy until the 
enemies' guns sounded in his ears, and once on the battle-field he 
was in his true element. Mr. Rapley lost not a moment in weak 
repining against fate, or railing at fortune — he might have grit 
his teeth a little harder— but before the ruins actually had cooled 
he was rebuilding the theater, and if ever a house literally arose 
from its ashes, the National was that one. It was burned January 
28, 1873, and by September the mason's work was done. In No- 
vember the carpenters and decorators gathered their tools up and 
left. The painters and upholsterers took their places, and in the 
incredible space of a little over four months the spacious building 
threw open its doors to the public on December 1, 1873. It' reads 
like the doings of the genii, conjured up by Aladdin rubbing his 
wonderful lamp. 

Mr. Rapley showed in his invincible determination not to yield 
to adverse fate, that characteristic, essentially American quality, 
called pluck, a quality which can surmount all difficulties and 
accomplish well nigh the impossible. 

W. W. Rapley, the owner of the National Theater, and the man 
to whose indomitable pluck the rapid erection of the present 
splendid edifice is wholly due, was born in Baltimore, Md., on the 
22d of February, 1828. After receiving a common school educa- 
tion, he learned the trade of a blacksmith and coach-trimmer, and 
became an expert workman; so much so that he came to Wash- 
ington and aided in the completion of the dome of the capitol, 
and assisted to place it in position. He remained in this city and 
first started in business for himself in the old first ward, having a 
shop on Pennsylvania Avenue near Eighteenth street. His close 
atteniion to business and promptness in the performance of his 
work, soon brought him plenty of custom, while his absence of 
bad habits and strict economy enabled him to lay by a handsome 
sum. He then purchased the steamer Guy, one of the ferry-boats 
running between here and Alexandria, and commanded her himself. 
As a steamboat captain he became very popular, and as he car- 
ried to his new occupation the same characteristics which had 
brought him success before, he was soon enabled to purchase 
another boat, and at one time was the owner of three steamers 
plying upon the Potomac. 

His purchase of the National Theater property was the result 
of accident. He had some surplus money lying idle which he 
had intended to invest in real estate, but at the commencement of 



64 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

the war there was a perfect panic in that kind of investment here 
and every one was afraid to risk money, not knowing what 
might be the fate of the capital city. When the theater property 
was to be sold, Mr. Kapley saw that there was money in the ven- 
ture, so in connection with- Mr. W. E. Spaulding, he made the 
purchase in 1862, and has been identified with the career of the 
National since that date. 

After the fire in 1873, the interest of Mr. Spaulding was pur- 
chased by Mr. Rapley, who has from that period been the sole 
owner of the property. 

Mr. Rapley has amassed quite a fortune, which has been judici- 
uously invested. His residence is in Montgomery county, Md., 
where he has a farm comprising 400 acres of as good land as there 
is in the State. The house is as elaborately furnished and ap- 
pointed as any city residence, and here he dispenses the most gen- 
erous hospitality. Some years ago he started in the stove busi- 
ness, in which enterprise he has been quite successful. 

In person, Mr. Rapley is rather below the medium height, 
but with a compactly built figure, and a countenance every 
lineament of which shows the energy and determination of his char- 
acter. Modest and retiring in disposition, he is one of the most 
genial of men to his friends, while his business sagacity, cool and 
correct judgment, and his honorable andupright dealings have 
won for him an enviable position in the community. 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE SIXTH OPENING OF THE NEW NATIONAL. 

Extracts from a morning paper: 

Washington, Dec. 1, 1873. 

The announcement that the New National Theater has been completely 
■rebuilt, and that the inaugural entertainment will be given this evening* 
will be hailed with pleasure by the Washington theater-goers. 

About the beginning of the war Messrs. Rapley and Spaulding erected 
a new building on the site of the Old National, but on the 28th of January 
last, this was destroyed, and Mr. Rapley began the erection of another 
theater, which should be superior in every respect to any of its predeces- 
sors, and is pronounced by all to be one of the finest places of amusement 
in the country. 

The opening night was a gala occasion, and was a brilliant send 
off. President Grant and Governor Shepherd occupied a box to- 
gether, and many of the public men of note were present, The 
queenly Mrs. Sprague, nee Miss Kate Chase, occupied a box op- 
posite the President, and looked regal, in her blue violet and dia- 
monds. Everything passed off well, and many were the toasts 
drank that night to the success of Washington's favorite theater. 

THE YEAR OF 1874. 

The prima donna, Kellogg, started the winter season joyously 
along, and this young Yankee but a few years before, poor and 
friendless, with no capital except her own determined will, a flex- 
ible sweet voice, and staunch heart, started to climb that hill 
which, like the mountain in the Arabian Nights, on whose top 
the key to the magician's treasure hung, and he who would look 
back was changed into a stone, so the young New Englander 
climbed when thousands failed, and her success was due more to 
her singleness of purpose than anything else. 

Her engagement commenced January 6th, lasting one week; 
was a gratifying success, every desirable seat being sold before 
the doors opened. Lucia was her role, and she gave perfect satis- 
faction. 

Frank Mayo came before a Washington audience for his initial 
performance in his famous play of "Davy Crockett." The plot 
of an accomplished and fashionable woman falling madly in love 
with an ignorant, but handsome and gallant backwoodsman is 
not improbable, for love knows no law, and since Parthenia tamed 
Ingomar, the story is always the same. Mayo's conception of the 
character was excellent, and his delineation very fine indeed. His 
engagement proved a prosperous one. ■ 



Q() HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Dion Bourcicault followed with a play called, "Used Up," but 
his Sir Charles Coldstream was not equal to his Irish characters^ 
and he played before very slim houses. 

.Washington is the heart of the Nation; everybody from every- 
where journeys here, sooner or later; all roads "leads to Rome," 
so all routes center here, and thus, when a play that is damned 
anywhere else, the intelligence reaches this city and people save 
their money when they hear a drama or comedy is not up to the 
mark. 

SOTHERN. 

The inimitable Sothern, as "Lord Dundreary," made his debut 
for the first time at the National, and crowds nocked to see him. 
He became the fashion, and drinks, advertising cards, witicisms,. 
a "la Sothern," was heard on every side. 

Mrs. Bowers, next in "Lady Audley's Secret." Mr. Edwin 
Adams, in "Enoch Arden," successively played to light houses. 

Fox and Denier' s pantomime had better business, and their 
"Humpty Dumpty," was an enjoyable piece of farcical extrava- 
ganza as was ever witnessed on the boards of the theater. 

SALVINI. 

The monarch of tempestuous passion now stepped before the 
footlights for the first time, and Tomaso Salvini gave to delighted 
and breathless audiences the truest rendition of "Ingomar" they 
had ever'seen. 

Salvini was the incarnation of intense dramatic power. His act- 
ing was a rare and beautiful combination of contrasting elements 
conceived by his bright intellect. He aimed at faultless perfec- 
tion in the minutest details as well as in the lofty grandeurs and 
comprehensiveness of the general design; he trusted to obtain this 
by hard work. He once wrote to a young friend of his who had 
just entered the dramatic profession: 

A"bove all study, study, study, all the genius in the world will not help 
you along with any art, unless you "become a hard student. "It has taken 
me years to master a single part." 

He had a noble bearing and voice of rare beauty , and elocution such 
as one only hears once in a life time. Beneath his brow full and 
overreaching, lay great tragic force. Actions are generally more 
eloquent than words, yet his tones were in sweetness and reson- 
ance indescribable. In the three great elements of musical expres- 
sion, tone, timbre and rhythm, Salvini is the greatest. 

He charmed and enthralled his audiences, and scored, as he al- 
ways did an intellectual conquest. 

This grand tragedian in the great play of "Ingomar," was fol- 
lowed by "Uncle Tom's Cabin." A ninety cent fiddle scratching 
John Brown after a grand cathedral organ performing one of 
Mozart's creations. "Uncle Tom's Cabin," that play with its 
mawkish sentimentality and pathos, which the housemaids cry 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 67 

over, and the Africans applaud, was never allowed on the boards, 
of the National but once again. 

The theater was closed for the summer by Miss Kate Mayhew x 
in "With the Tide/' The season had been a prosperous one con- 
sidering the great financial panic. 

The fall season of 1874 was opened by Janauschek as "Mary 
Stuart." Then came Lucille Western in "EastLynne." followed 
by Ella Wesner in a society play called "Mixed." 

Aimee filled the theater, as she always had the knack of doing 
some decade of years ago. The opera was "La fille de Madame^ 
Angot," and it was dashingly played. 

ADELAIDE NEILSON. 

And now comes the fairest of all fair women who had ever trod! 
the boards of the National — Adelaide Neilson. She came sur- 
rounded by her own rosy cloud of love, and the maddening witch- 
ery that possessed her, taking the senses by storm, and making 
men' 8 hearts throb and their pulses beat with ecstacy. Her 
Juliet was the loveliest ever beheld on earth, and in the balcony 
scene, when the moonlight gleams on her perfect face, and kisses 
her Lorelei hair she made a vision that enraptured the eye. 
Rising from the gutter, yet she was the beau ideai of a proud, 
patrician. She seemed to show her lineage in her every look, her 
every tone, her every gesture. She could exclaim with Cleo- 
patra : 

And here's my bluest veins to kiss, a hand that kings have lipped, and 
trembled kissing-. 

Her Violia was the daintiest creature imaginable. As Perdita 
she appeared as sweet as Tennyson's Lillian: 

'" So innocent, arch, cunning, simple, 
With the baby roses in her cheek." 

Her acting was full of tenderness an 1 passion, though it lacked 
force; but her grace, beauty, and softness on the stage, will never 
be forgotten. 

'' The fairness of her face no tongue can tell ; 
Fairer than the.daughters of all human race." 

Her end is well-known; taken suddenly ill near Paris a few 
years ago when riding out, she died in agony on the sofa at a low 
roadside inn. 

In November, J. K. Emmet, as "Fritz," and a full house ir* 
consequence. 

The Lingard Comedy Company to thin houses; Rose and Harry 
Watkins in "Trodden Down," and the manager did not count up 
his* receipts that night with much pleasure or profit. 

Christmas week, Janauschek for the first time in the new play 
of •'Chesney Wold," a dramatization of Dickens' Bleak House. 
Her rendition of Lady Dedlock and the Frenchwoman was as fine 
a piece of acdng as could be seen on the English stage. 



68 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

THE YEAR OF 1875 . 

On January 20th, the Emma Soldene English Opera Troupe 
played a week's engagement and made a famous hit. The house 
was crowded with as many as could possibly get in, and "Madame 
L'Archi due" was given with a dash and abandon that caused a 
round of encores. "Emma Soldene was a decided winning card, 
and she had selected her troupe with rare judgment, 

Baker and Farron drew only moderate houses, and February 
15, 1875, Katie Putman as "Little Nell," and the "Marchioness," 
played to a small, but appreciative audience. 

On February 22, Strakosh Italian Opera, in "Lohengrin." This 
opera, while it pleased people of high musical culture, did not^take 
with the masses, and hence it did not pay in this city, at least. 

Frank Mayo followed in his old role of "Davy Crockett;" suc- 
ceeding came Florence, Duprez and Benedict's Minstrels in their 
olios. Each drawing but indifferently well. Kellogg appeared 
April 19, to a full house, and gave "Ernani," with fine effect. 

Great people generally keep close together, and Ristori follows 
Kellogg. The queen of tragedy gave a wonderful personation of 
the "Virgin Queen," she with a woman's heart and man's mind. 

On May 3d, the Swiss Bell Ringers gave a week's entertainment 
to good audiences. 

June 21, the theater closed with a benefit to Harold Forsberg. 

JOHN T. FORD, MANAGER. 

On September 1, 1875, John T. Ford took supreme control of 
the National. 

JOHN M'CULLOUGH. 

John McCullough, here makes his debut in the National, as 
"Hamlet." He was rather too robust and fiery for the portraiture 
of the philosophical Dane, but still his great genius illumined 
the part, and made it a creditable one. 

John McCullough made many friends in Washington, and he 
afterwards used to say that- he would rather play in this city than 
any place in the Union. 

GEORGE RIGNOLD. 

After the genial Mac, as his friends called him, came George 
Rignold, and like Hotspur, he played havoc with female hearts. 
In "Henry the Fifth," which was magnificently mounted, he 
looked "every inch a king." and a more superb specimen of gal- 
lant manhood in its prime, was never seen before the footlights. 
His "Once more to the breach, dear friends; once more for St. 
George and England," at the siege of Harfleur, was the knightli- 
est picture that was ever witnessed on the American stage. The 
theater was jammed, and Rignold was the idol of the hour, and 
the fancy of the fickle populace. 

The Yokes family next in their entertaining extravaganza of 
"The Belles of the Kitchen. ' ' 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 69 

Then Mrs. D. P. Bowers in "Lady Audley's Secret," and the 
week after Mr. Barry Sullivan as "Richelieu," followed by G. H. 
McDermott, in a new and nonsensical comedy of "Brought to 
Book." 

JOHN T. RAYMOND. 

The Christmas holidays were marked by the advent, for the 
first time, of Raymond's new charactei, which he has rendered 
immortal as "Col. Mulberry Sellers." This piece took the town 
by storm, and the manager waxed more rotund than ever with 
satisfaction. For a week Raymond kept the town in a roar of 
laughter, and his dried, shrewd face so often seen in the hotel lob- 
bies, was Sir Mulberry Sellers itself. He had played the part so 
often that the mannerisms stick to him. He was socially a man 
of much bonhomie, and whenever he strolled out in the day, a 
crowd of boon companions always surrounded him. Raymond 
fairly earned his title of the first comedian of America. 

THE YEAR OP 1876. 

Another sensation that made a Lit. and jammed the house, 
Georgia Langley and Dolly Pike, as the "Two Orphans." 

This play was one of the most powerful ones ever written, full 
of incident and abounding in pathos. It won the popular heart 
at once, and the theater watched the denouement of the plot with 
breathless interest, and when the curtain would fall it would be 
on an audience hushed into silence by the life scenes they had seen 
portrayed. 

CL4.RA MORRIS. 

• And now, hats off, for there steps out before the footlights a 
slight girlish form that is the greatest emotional actress that the 
New World ever gave to art. A slight swaying figure, a face so 
wonderfully full of nobility, that the emotions coutd be read there. 
A magnetism that conquered everything. A passion so intense 
and contageous as to thrill a vast body of people like electric 
shocks. On the 7th of February, 1876, the audience were moved 
and touched as they never were 1 efore when they -saw Clara 
Morris as "Camille." 

Her acting was a revelation of the highest point that art can 
reach. Her dramatic force and power was seen in the quivering 
play of her hands, the piteous trembling of her lip, the anguished 
face, the eyes so unutterably sad, and the voice full of unshed 
tears. Her scornful taunts to her brother, every word of which 
was a heart string broken. When in the first act of Camille, where 
she would rush forward and cry aloud, with a bursting heart, 
"Respect me — and in this house," she made the breast of every 
man throb with the truest sympathy, and when she parts from her 
lover, whom she never meant to see again in this world, her an- 
guish and self torture was so heartending that none could look 
upon Clara Morris save through blinding tears. Her unutterable 



■70 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

despair was painful to witness: one forgot the theater, the actress, 
everything, as the struggle sjoes on over a laboring soul, and when 
she dies, people gasps over the death bed scene in sadden horror, 
as if they had witnessed the demise of one they knew and loved, 
A press criticism the next morning says: 

Clara Morris shows in "Camille" how thoroughly she identifies herself 
for the time with the character she takes. The suffused eyes, streaming 
•cheeks, and momentarily changing color of the face, shows that sue leeis 
with all the intensity of reality the emotions she depicts. 

Little Miss Lotta, in anew play called -'Zip/' and the arch- 
ness, freshness and fun of this charming actress, carried all be- 
fore her, and she never acted with more spirit than she did be- 
neath the roof of the National, a theater she had helped so much 
to build. 

March 20th, Florence in the "Mighty Dollar," and a great suc- 
cess the play proved. Sothern, as Lord Dundreary, and a laugh- 
ing, joyous audience. 

BARRETT, BANGS, DAVENPORT, LEVICK. 

Then followed one of the strongest combinations and star cast, 
and finely mounted plays, any theater ever witnessed. The play 
"Julius Caesar," with Milnes Levick in the title role. Lawrence 
Barrett, as Cassius; E. L. Davenport, Brutus; Frank C. Bangs, 
as Mark Anthony. This was a fine gathering of stars, and the 
rendition of the play was well worthy of the galaxy of talent. The 
house rang with applause, and though the prices were doubled, 
the theater was filled from gallery to pit. It was a masterly ren- 
dition bv masterly actors. 

MARY ANDERSON. 

And now comes the Southern girl from the blue grass 
"region of Kentucky, Mary Anderson, for the first time in the Na- 
tional, in the play of "Evadne," Her freshness, beauty, and 
high histronic genius, captivated the audience at the outset. Her 
voice was full, rich and vibrant; her figure tall and stately. She 
spoke like an angel and moved like a goddess. Those who saw 
her predicted a brilliant future for her. 

Monday, September 4th, 1876, the theater was formally opened 
for the fall campaign by Haverly and his minstrels. 

The young comedienne Kitty Blanchard and Nellie Cummings, 
and our Mrs. Germon in the fairy spectacle of the "Naiad Queen." 
An incident in the performance was the presence in uniform of 
the Washington Military and their visitors — several crack rifle 
teams They came by invitation, and added much to the attrac- 
tions of the theater. 

STUART ROBSON. 

The first of October saw Stuart Robson for the first time at 
the National, in Brete Hart's new play written, for Robson, enti- 
tled, "Two Men of Sandy Bar," with the star as Col. Starbottle. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 71 

Both the actor and play met with a warm welcome and commend- 
ation from a large and critical audience. 

October 16th. Maggie Mitchell as "Fnachon. A week aftei, 
Genevieve Rogers as "Maude Muller." Miss Rogers showed her- 
self to be an actress of very fair abilities, never rising to greatness, 
but never sinking below mediocrity. 

BEN. DE BAB. 

Mr Ben DeBar next as "Falstaff." With the memory of the 
inimitable Hackett fresh in the minds of many of the habitues ol 
the National, Mr. DeBar was too heavily handicapped and coldly 
criticized to make a striking success. 

It was evident that the mantle of the dead actor had not fallen 
upon him. Yet the rendition was undoubtedly a fine one, and in 
-one or two scenes his strong acting brought down the house. _ 

The week after, Mr. Gk F. Rowe, in "Brass," an appropriate 

title that night. , , . 

Christmas eve, the Soldene Comic Opera Troupe had good busi- 
ness. 

KATE CLAXTON. 

Christmas night, Kate Claxton in her great role of the "Two 
Orphans " Bonnie Kate always started a fire, or the fire followed 
her wherever she went, in the hotel, taverns, and even a church 
caught fire when she was praying. So of course, her usual luck 
followed her. During the snow scene a fight between two hood- 
lums took place in the gallery, which attracted much notice and 
-caused great commotion, a shout of fight! fight! fight! soon 
changed in to the fearful cry of fire, and the audience with the 
memory of the dreadful Brooklyn disaster fresh in their minds, 
;and knowing that Kate Claxton '.brought fire as naturally as an 
owl flying in the day time signifies rain, broke for the door, ine 
ushers kept their coolness, threw wide the portals, and then the 
orchestra struck up a jovial air, which soon brought the panic to 
an end, and the people returned, to their seats, many heartily 
ashamed of the frenzied endeavors to escape a purely imaginary 

danger. 

THE YEAR OF 1877. 

Mary Anderson opened the New Year of 1877 with a two weeks' 
engagement, her repertoire being "Juliet," //Parthema Paul- 
ine ""Lady Macbeth," and "MegMerriles." Her youthful roles 
were her strong ones; her vivid freshness and beauty making her 
the realism of the love lorne a ad love born maidens, but her Meg- 
Merriles' were an utter failure, and the press condemned it so un- 
mistakably that she never again tried the role. Her Lady Mac- 
beth" also awoke a stoyn of criticisms, and she was glad to give 
vthat up also. 



72 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATEE. 



FRANK BANGS AND AGNES BOOTH. 

The greatest spectacular play ever seen at the National was 
brought on January 22, 1877. It cast into the shade even Kiralfy's 
"Black Crook," and "Around the World." It was Byron's play 

of " Sardanapalus, " 
with F. C. Bangs, 
Agnes Booth, and 
Louis Aldrich as the 
attractions. . The play 
was magnificently 
mounted, and its corps 
de ballet was immense. 
For two weeks the 
. theater was filled to its 
utmost capacity, and 
it could have run a 
month longer to full 
houses. 

Boucicault achieved 
a triumph as Con, in 
the " Shaugraun." It 
was a wonderful power- 
that made a rather de- 
bilitated man of fifty- 
four assume the char- 
acter of a young Irish 
lad, and carry it off 
successfully. 

Boucicault was such 
a great favorite with 
the journalists at large, 
and newspaper row in 
particular, that the 
newspaper men and 
correspondent formed 
a club and named it 
in his honor — " The 
Shaugraun Club." It 
was designed to be like 
the celebrated " Kit- 
Kat Club" of London, 
but jealousies and riv- 
alries among the mem- 
bers soon dissolved it. 
John T. Raymond now brings out a new play called, " There's 
Millions In It," and it drew well, of course. 

For six nights John Owens held the boards witli the "Heir at 
Law," "Our Boys" and "Solon Shingle," to only moderate au- 
diences. 




GALLERY SUPPORT. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 73 



HENRY J. MONTAGUE. 



The 1st of March witnessed the advent of a young English actor 
that won an astonishing popularity among the people. He was 
strikingly like Charles Mathews, only more graceful, and comely, 
his name was Henry J. Montague, and he gave brilliant promise 
of being the first comedian of the English stage. He captivated 
the audiences of the National for a week in a play called "1 alse 
Shame." Even the critics were won by his natural genial acting 
and ceased to fire at him those cruel envenomed shafts that had 
made so many proud actors cower, and which had abated many 
a haughty crest. _ . 

On April 10, E. L. Davenport, in a drama called Daniel 
Druce." It did not prove a paying card. 

ROBSON AND CRANE. 

Those two princes of good fellows, Stuart Robson and William 
Crane, now dramatically married, and in indissolvable bonds, 
were as one. They were in sporting parlance a good pair to draw 
to They proved themselves the best couple of stars that ever 
made their bow before the footlights or counted up their heavy 
cash receipts after the performance. The play "Our Boarding 
House," now so familiar to the theater goers was just brought 
out then, and it was something new and novel, and the old Na- 
tional's walls echoed with roars of genuine merriment 

Another unique innovation and a character, appears before the 
footlights that was never seen before; a being that was to furnish 
in the" future much of the funny part of the comedy of the day. 
The stage had its typical Yankee— with the knife and the stick 
which he whittled; its stous Dutchman with rotund form and im- 
mense pipe; its Southerner with wide slouching hat, pants stutted 
in the boots, and the revolver and bowie knife close to the hand; 
the Irishman with the battered beaver, shillalah under his arm, a 
pipe between his teeth, and ready to dance or fight, it did not 
make a difference; but the "Celestial" was thought too devoid of 
humor to be worth while to work him up. But the genius of 
Brete Harte it found a rich mine in John Chinamen and Charles 1 . 
Parsloe's rendition of "Ah Sin" showed that the Chinese have as 
much wit and humor in them as any other nationality. Not only the 
noveltv, but the fine acting of Mr. Parsloe met with a prosperity 
that amazed even the managers, authors and actors themselves. 
The Washington press criticisms of this play were very nattering, 
but for some^reason it was shortly afterwards abandoned. 

On June 4th the National was closed for the season by the San 
Francisco Minstrels. ^ 

The fall season was commenced by the Park Theater Company 
in a vapid nonsensical jumble of words called 'Baby. lhe 
critics riddled it, but the audience were too polite to hiss. 



74 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

GEORGE S. KNIGHT. 

September 10th, George Knight in his German character sketch 
in a play called "Otto." He was assisted by the Worrell Sisters, 
and they gave a very enjoyable performance to large houses. 

MAUDE GRANGER. 

After them came Maude Granger, supported by Louis James, 
in "Camille." The statuesque Maude made by far the most beau- 
tiful Mile Gautier that the audience had ever seen, for she had a 
figure that Rubens would have loved to paint— a Byron describe 
—large, full, sensuous. On a pose in a tableau Miss Granger was 
a success, but as an actress in such a character as "Camille," she 
was an insolvent in the dramatic bank, and more people went to 
see her out of curiosity than with a desire to be entertained. 

ANNIE WARREN STORY. 

With Miss Florence Carey as the leading lady in the play 
of the Danicheff s was a young Washington maiden, Miss Annie 
Story who made her debut as the Princess, and fully satisfied the ex- 
pectations of her friends. A press criticism says of 'her; 

The most interesting- event of the evening was the debut of Miss Anna . 
Story, who sustained the role of the Princess to the full satisfaction of a 
critical audience. 

Then follows Lydia Thompson with her troupe of blondes, in 
"Robinson Crusoe," which drew a large crowd, if not a critical 
audience, yet a very encoring one. 

John McCullough, the first week in December, to a brlliant 
audience, in his various roles. He was at his zenith of fame, and 
the highest in the land always welcomed him. His engagement 
proved a most profitable one. 

LOUISE POMEROY. 

Another star of the first magnitude and hailing from Clara 

Morris' native town, now gave a week's engagement in her Shak- 

Speraean roles. A born tragedienne, a real actress, was Louise^Pom- 

eroy, and her Rosalind, in "As You Like It," was the finest ever 

seen in this country. Tall, graceful, with just such eyes as an 

actress should have, a wealth of yellow hair, and superb voice, 

she made a great success. Her playing was slightly marred by 

mannerism, which a longer practice would cure. Her dramatic 

powers were acknowledged by the press as being of the highest 

order, and her success was such that she was engaged at a high 

figure for a southern tour. Miss Annie Sto^ accompanied her. 

Then Joe Jefferson, as the ever welcome "Rip Van Winkle.''' 

Aimee sparkled for a week in the Opera Bouffe, which ended 

the year of '77. 

THE YEAR OF 1878. — LAWRENCE BARRETT. 

A fine opening in January was made by Lawrence Barrett, in 
"Richelieu" and "Hamlet." 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 75 

Miss Kellogg and Annie Louise Carey, in Italian and English 
Opera, to enormous. houses. 

January 21, Miss Maggie Moore and Mr. J. C. Williamson in a 
play called, "Struck Oil." They did not strike it— at least not in 
the National. 

Sothern in the "Crushed Tragedian," amused and delighted the 
city for a week. No man on earth but Sothern could make any- 
thing of the "Crushed, "but in his hands it was inimitable, and to 
him it was a veritable bonanza. 

MADAME MOJESKA. 

Madame Mojeska now appears to subdue and charm, and her 
"Camille" was the wonder of the times; not so emotional as others 
before her, but for consummate acting, exquisite grace, and mar- 
vellous truth to nature, she was matchless; and the critics, the 
audience and playrights praised her acting as simply imcompara- 
ble. One of the morning papers thus speaks of her: 

Taller than Mary Anderson, with a lithe and slender form, her every 
movement and pose is easy, graceful, and artistic. Her voice is clear, de- 
lightfully modulated, so that without acting it would faithfully express 
the varied emotions which, by the perfection of the art, seem real and not 
simulated. There are some who, notwithstanding the New York critics, 
will still prefer the 'Camille' of Clara Morris, hut it is unfair to compare 
these two great artists at all, as their methods are so essentially differ- 
ent. 

During the months of February, March and April, 1878, the old 
favorites of the theater— Maggie Mitchell, Dion Boucicault, John 
T. Raymond, Lotta, Fanny Davenport, John McCullough— ap- 
peared respectively. Carn cross' Minstrels in May, and in June, J. 
Remington Fairlamb, in "Valerie." 

JOHN W. ALBAUGH, MANAGER. 

The season opens September 2, 1878, with Mr. Albaugh of the 
Holliday street Theatre, Baltimore, as lessee and manager. 

SAMUEL G. KIN3LEY 

This season opens September 2, 1878, with John W. Albaugh as 
lessee and manager, and Samuel G. Kinsley as business manager. 
Mr. Albaugh acting as general supervisor over both of his thea- 
ters in Baltimore and Washington, and Mr. Kinsley devoting all 
of his time to the National. 

Samuel G. Kinsley now appears on the scene as connected with 
the theater, and his name is henceforth linked with the 
National, and for nearly a decade of years its great success, next 
to the enterprise of its owner, Mr. Rapley, is due to his untiring 
energy, rare forethought and delicate tact which meets and 
conquers all difficulties. As the business manager is the soul 
of the newspaper, so is he the mainspring of the theatrical clock, 
and to his finely tempered qualities more than any other cause is 
due the great prosperity and popularity of the theater. 



76 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Samuel G. Kinsley started his theatrical life as the advance 
agent for Edwin Forrest. Then he- filled the same position for 
Jokn S. Clarke, Lydia Thompson, the great Hermann and the 
beautiful Adelaide Neilson. He was next business manager 
of the famous Lucille Western, and he made her a win- 
ning card by his finesse. Then he took E. A. Sothern and man- 
aged so as to make him The rage. Next Mr. Joe Jefferson en- 
gaged him, and placed his future in his hands, leaving all the de- 
tails to him, and only following his guidance. 

Under Mr. Kinsley's care these artists realized handsome for- 
tunes. 

All the ripe judgment and trained experience that Mr. Kins- 
ley had gained by years of hard work was brought to bear, 
and so on the public saw that the business of the National 
was to be conducted on an enduring basis, and not as a 
make shift for a season by a manager who would probably be 
forced to throw up his contract at the end of the year. 

But it is the personal character of the man that has impressed 
the citizens of Washington so strongly for his honesty, truthful- 
ness and trustworthiness that has had much to do with the success 
of the theater, and he has conquered that mysterious unseen 
power called public opinion which makes or mars many a public 
enterprise. 

The attraction the first night was Duprez and Benedict's Min- 



strels 



w. P. CODY. 



They were succeeded -by the Minzelle Sisters, in the "Ice 
Witch," and in turn followed by W. F. Cody, in a blood and 
thunder border play called "Lost and Won," in which the typical 
Forty-Niner uttered heroic sentiments, that caused the young 
girls to applaud, and kept up a lively fusillade with the revolver, 
killing bandits and Indians at every fire, and made the gallery 
gods hoarse with yells of delight. 

Mr. F. C. Bangs, rises from his staturesque pose of "Sardanapa- 
lus," and tries the role of Philip Falconbridge, in "King John." 
He was a better voluptuous Assyrian than the bold rollicking Brit- 
ain. He was too heavy for the part, yet at times he rose far above 
mediocrity. 

EMMA ABBOTT. 

^ September 30, John E. Owens, in "Our Boys," October 1st, Mrs 
Southworth's novel dramatized called the "Hidden Hand "' by a 
local stock company. October 1878, Emma Abbott for the first 
time at the National with the Hess English Opera Company, which 
was designed to replace Kellogg. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 1 i 

Robert Heller, the magician, in a week's engagement. 

November 28th, Kiralfy Brothers in their grand spectacular ex- 
hibition of Jules Verne's novel, "A Trip to the Moon," It was a 
magnificent display and well patronized, as it deserved to be. 

Little Miss Lotta played her pranks for a week in a new com- 
edy written for her called "La Cigale." Of course she drew well. 
Lotta and a crowded house was a natural sequence. If she was 
advertised to play alone, she could draw a large audience and 
charm them, simply by the aid of musicians, girlish, gladsome 
gaiety, her jovial banjo, and a captivating song or two. 

Christmas week was a superb bill of fare. One that would cater 
to the taste of the most fastidious dramatic gourmand. Kellogg 
returns to the National, bringing with her Anna Louise Cary, and 
the famous Italian songstress, Mile. Litta. For a week these ar- 
tists held the vast audiences enthralled by their glorious voices. 
Mignon was the favorite opera, as all three took part in it, and 
the old National rarely witnessed more real enthusiasm over real 

V And what discordant discord is that which follows the divine 
tones of the chantresses, why it is Haverly's Horse Opera. The 
heavenly cadence of Litta' s voice in Con nais tu le pays has already 
ceased to echo through the edifice; that it is broken by a rasping 
howl of a negro minstrel shouting "Whoa, Emma." 

THE YEAR OF 1879. 

The empress of her art, Helena Mod jeska, with her whole reper- 
toire of "Camille," "Frou Frou," "East Lynne," "Adriene," and 
"Juliet " for two weeks, from the middle of January to February. 
Beauty,' fashion and money gathered to hear her, and nignt after 
night she charmed every one by her superb renditions. Ihere 
was no sameness in her acting; every emotion had its glance and 
gestures, and she could have been understood when playing bet ore 
a deaf and dumb asylum. - 

Lawrence Barrett again in heroic roles supported by the talented 
young actor T. W. Keene. McK'ee Rankin and Kitty Blanchard 
made a great hit with their new play, "The Danites." Every- 
body thronged to see it, and the box office showed fat receipts. 

Not so with Mr. B. McCauley, as "Uncle Daniel." A reaction 
took place, and the tide went out and the theater goers paid a 
penance of several weeks for their untoward dissipation during 
the winter, when the stars trod the boards. 

Denman Thompson, as "Joshua Witcomb." Dion Boucicault 
as Conn, in "The Shaughraun." The dramatic tide rose again to 
its flood whenRobson and Crane gave the "Comedy of ^Errors. 

Joe Jeff erson, as "Rip," and fighting "Bob Acres, attracted 
the usual multitude. *nnv * a 

On April 16, the city went wild over a new opera of b-ilbert and 
Sullivan, it was the immortal "Pinafore." There was never in 



78 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

the annals of the stage such a wonderful and marvellous success, 
since Gay's great production of the "Beggars Opera" took Lon- 
don by storm, and made Rich, the manager of the Old Drury Lane 
Theater, one of the wealthiest men in England. George Selwin 
• wittily observed that the "Beggars Opera" made Gay-Kich, and 
Rich-Gay. 

"Pinafore" was music that the public could understand and 
enjoy; the music sparkled, laughed and flashed and exhilarated 
one like a deep draught of Roderer wine. It was the opera by 
the people, for the people, of the people, and they claimed it 
and adopted "Pinafore" as -theirs. It knew no section, from 
cultivated New England to the wild west and far south, it was 
heard, caught up, and appropriated. Everybody went, and Pina- 
fore troupes were going through every hamlet and cross-roads of 
the land reaping rich harvests. At a New York theater it run for 
one hundred nights without a break to crowded houses. One 
touch of melody makes the world akin, and it was the one opera 
where all met on equal ground, and the clapping of the kid gloves 
that covered slender hands, the thump of the claquer's stick, and 
the shrill yelp of the gallery gods, all mingled together in a 
heavily and spontaneous tribute to the music of "Pinafore." 

English opera gave way to the Italian, and Emma Abbott with 
Hess Company gave a week of very enjoyable entertainment. 

Here comes the ladies and gentlemen of color, the sons and 
daughters of Africa, in "Pinafore." They did quite well. 

The National was opened for the fall season on September 15, 
.1879, by the greatest of all magicians "the one, the only Her- 
mann," who performed such astounding legerdemain as to make 
many of his auditors believe that he was really in league with the 
devii. 

Next the fair Adah Richmond and her Comic Opera Company 
in "Fatinitza," to such an audience as a player loves to look upon. 

Mr. and Mrs. John "W". Albaugh in "Van, the Virginian," fol- 
lowed by Rice's Surprise Party, which was succeeded in time by 
The Tourists in the Pullman Palace Car. 

Mr. and Mrs. Florence in the "Mighty Dollar." Maggie Mit- 
chell in her roles. Henry Sargeant in "Contempt of Court. " 
Emma Abbott again. John McCullough and his repertoire of he- 
roic plays. McKee Rankin in the " Danites," The popular 
"Pinafore" again, this time by the best troupe on the road — 
"Haverly's Chicago Church Choir Co." Rice's Combination in 
"Evangeline. Christmas week, Kate Claxton in the "Double 
Marriage," and the "Two Orphans." 

THE YEAR OF 1880. 

Mr. Sothern opened the new year by his piece de resistance of 

the "American Cousin." 
January 19, Lotta, in "Musette," and the "Little Detective." 
On the 26th, Miss Fanny Davenport, for a week, in "Pique," 

"As You Like It," and "Cymbeline," to poor business. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 79 

Joe Emmett followed in "Fritz in Ireland," that proved very- 
popular. 

"Fun on the Bristol," by Henry Jarrett's company did not pan 
out well in this city. 

Miss Ada Cavendish for a week in Shakespearean roles. 

"The Tourists," again, followed by Miss Mary Anderson, who 
scored a triumph in her "Evadne." 

Oliver Doud Byron, in "Across the Continent," and Louis 
Aldrich, in "My Partner," to moderate houses. 

"The Bankers Daughter," a new play, met with success. 

Lawrence Barrett, for a week, in "Richelieu," "David Gar- 
rick," and "Hamlet." 

April 12, Carncross Minstrels. 

April 19, Emma Abbott and her Opera Company. She was fol- 
lowed by Maurice Grau's French Opera Company, which played 
to a theater well rilled. 

"Rices' Surprise Party" for the fourth time, and then Miss 
Annie Graham, a novice, in a play called "Upper Crust," to a 
scant audience. 

It will be noticed that a good many unknown actresses appear 
in a theater and then disappear, and are heard of no more. Few 
know of the amount of steady, persistent labor it requhes to make 
even a respectable actress. A young woman who has the art of 
mimicry and some talent, imagines she is a born artist. She pro- 
vides herself with a gorgeous wardrobe, places herself in the 
hands of an agent, gives money freely, takes a few lessons in 
elocution that invariably gives her a stilted declamatory and arti- 
ficial style; learns her part, arid then rushes on the boards to find 
disappointment and wounded feelings, and mortified vanity. 

Madam Mars was the "Louise de Liquerolles of Legouve," yet, 
before the curtain of the Theater Francais rose upon the piece, 
she had had sixty- eight rehearsals. Fanny Kemble wore a court 
costume and train in her house for a whole year so as to get ac- 
customed to it. Ristori studied the part of "Marie Antoinette'' 
three years before she dared to act it before the footlights. The 
great Rachael retired to her country seat and remained three 
months alone, to study the last act of "Adrienne Lecouvre." All 
the great stars only won their proud eminence by intense and 
long continued work. 

The close of the summer season was marked by Abbey's Comic 
Opera Company, in "Humpty Dumpty." 

September 13, Jarrett's Opera Company, with "Cinderella or 
the Little Glass Slipper." ' 'A Golden Game," by Shannon and 
Edeson to a thin audience. Hermann, the Magician, followed 
"The Tourists." Next Maggie Mitchell, then Rice's Surprise 
Company, and lastly by Maude Granger, in "Two Nights in 
Rome." 

November 8, E. E. Rice's Bijou Comic Opera Company, in the 
"Spectre Knight." 



80 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Miss Ada Cavendish, in a play, below mediocrity, called "The 
Soul of an Actress." 

"The Pirates of Penzance," made the first hit of the season, 
and an old time crowd filled the National. 

Lotta again, and as the little actress peeped through the curtain 
just before its rise, she had no cause to complain of a thin house. 
-December 13, Chanfrau, in "Kit," to a good business. 

Christmas week, Kiralfy Bros., in the spectacular drama of 
"Around the World in Eighty Days," to an immense audience. 

The old year died when^Robson and Crane were holding the 
boards, in "Sharps and Flats." 

A singular incident occured at this theater at one of the 
engagements of these favorites — Robson and Crane. A drunken 
man went to the National to see "Sharps and Flats." This son of 
Bacchus paid his twenty-five cents, climbed the steps to the peanut 
gallery, gave his ticket to the doorkeeper, ambled in and found a 
seat in an obscure corner, and .lulled by the strains of the orchestra, 
dropped into a profound slumber. The roars of laughter at Rob- 
son's falsetto and Crane's deep baritone only served to stir phan- 
tasies in his brain, and after the curtain fell, the noise of the 
audience leaving the house, only lulled him into deeper sleep. 
The doors were locked and black darkness took the place of the 
dazzling light, and away after midnight the imbiber of mixed and 
straight drinks awoke with a consuming thirst and parched tongue, 
and in his soddened brain their flamed no idea of who he was, 
or where he was, his only thought was that he must have a drink; 
so impelled, he got up and stumbled around loose; he reached the 
enclosure of the gallery, climbed over it and fell headlong from 
the fourth tier clear down to the pit. 

There is an old and true saying which saith that a special Prov- 
idence watches over sailors, children and drunken men. Any 
sober person would have been killed outright or horribly mangled, 
but this son of inebriety, though he fell without a break, and 
smashed four of the orchestra chairs to kindling wood, yet did 
not get a bruise. He scrambled up, got out of a window, and the 
next morning came back looking for his hat. 

THE YEAR OF 1881. 

Kate Claxton opened the new year with a play called the "Snow 
Flower." 

John McCullough next in his old repertoire. 

January 24, Emmett in "Fritz," succeeded by Mary Anderson 
in her favorite roles. As she passed off the stage Joe Jefferson 
came on with his two best characters, "Rip" and "Bob Acres." 

February 14, Nat C. Goodwin in "Hobbies." 

A week of music with Emma Abbott in the various operas. 

Lawrence Barrett in his old plays, and the Pullman Car Tour- 
ists by the New York Stock Company. Carncross and Dixies' 
Minstrels followed. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 81 



SARAH BERNHARDT. 

Friday, April 8th, was the event of the season, and the public 
who had heard of the fame of Sarah Bernhardt, now had a chance 
to see the most famous actress, on the globe. 

This great artist, like Rachoel, had climbed to the top from the 
very bottom, and she had only herself to thank for her success. 
In Paris she struggled for years to obtain the merest pittance to 
keep body and soul together, and at times she was so poverty- 
stricken, so ill used, so unappreciated, that she meditated suicide, 
and once actually took several ounces of laudanum, and her life 
was saved only by the prompt treatment of a physician. She fre- 
quently declared that she suffered a hundred deaths before fame 
and fortune came to her. Yet she struggled on, animated with 
the knowledge that she had talent, and the world must sooner or 
later acknowledge it. At last, like the immortal Siddons, her 
transcendent genius burst through the dark clouds in a blinding 
flash, and in a few brief weeks the scorned stock actress stood ac- 
knowledged as the one on whom the mantle of Rachsel had fallen. 
All Paris bowed in homage before her, and in the supreme hour 
of triumph with the emotional Parisians at her feet, all of hard- 
ships must have been atoned for. 

After conquering Europe she came to the New World, and her 
progress was like that of a victorious Roman general with his 
banner blazoned with: "Io Triumphe." 

When the curtain drew up in the play of "Frou Frou," all eyes 
watched intently for her coming, and they saw a lithesome figure 
glide upon the stage with the grace of a leopard, the soft inde- 
scribable undulative motion was so peculiarly her own, that it was 
never witnessed on the boards before. But her acting was the 
most perfect of the French school, which is the most perfect in 
the world. Her actions, gestures and glances were the perfection 
of histrionic power, blending the emotional strength of tragic art. 
Moremelo-dramatic, more passionate style has been witnessed on 
the stage of the National Theater; bin never such consummate 
acting. As powerful as was her rendition in "Frou Fiou," it 
was not until she played "Camille," that her matchless talents 
displayed itself. Her life, so much like that unfortunate woman's, 
her temptations, her trials in the same city among the same people 
so identified her with the part, that she was literally "Caaaille" 
herself. Her acting was subdued, yet effecuve and not until the 
climax was reached did the stormy power that lay hid in that 
slight frame burst out, then, indeed, did she ascend to the very 
zenith of passion. The death scene while not so powerful as other 
stars, yet was incomparably more realistic acting. It was a death 
bed scene, but a peaceful one, that came as a welcome relief to a 
long suffering woman, and not the torturing struggling death that 
overtook her as a retribution. 
A press notice says of her appearance at the National: 



82 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

The audience last night at the National Theater, despite the trel le pr 
wasnol only immense, but was of thehighesl quality, alniosl everj 
of prominence in society, or pul lie or professional in-' was there. Mam 
were there who had not I een in the theater for years. Madame Bernhardt 
won more and more upon her audience, and she was called out i»y the wild- 
ly enthusiasl ic people again and again.* 

April 11, John T. Raymond, in a new play called "Fresh, the 
American." The verdict of the Washington public was agaii 
this coined}', it had rather too much Raymond in it. 

The Acme Olivette Company to crowded housi This oew 
opera was a success from the jump. It had many of the "1*1 
Washington favorites in it. Carleton of the Ritchi ind K< 

loggTroupe;H. C. Peakes and Fanny Wentworth. 

R. G. ENGEB80LL. 

Sunday, May 8, Boblngersoll delivered his lecture called "The 

Great Infidel and the Devil." While the famous Free Thinker 
advocated pulling down the old creeds, he did not sa\ or hint 
what he would erect in their places. This lecture Closed the 
theater for the season with a strong smell of brimstone in the air. 

The National, newly papered, painted and frescoed was opened 
September v . 1881, by Barlow and Wilson's burnt cork artists. 

Miss Jennie Lee. next, as Joe, in "Bleak Bouse," to an e 
ingly small audience. 

Miss Alice Harrison, in "Photos," to a few listless people. 

Mr. and Mrs. Knight, in "Baron Rudolph," to a -until but at 
tentive audience. 

£am Hague's British Operatic Minstrels must have though! the 
cholera or some kind of pestilence was raging in Washington 
judging from the funeral solemnity that rested on the faces of 
about a score of people who sat scattered about almosl losl in t he- 
vast depth of the building 

But Kiralfy and brother brought the crowd with their splendid 
spectacular play of Michael Strogoff. 

October 17, Mr. and Mrs Goodwin in "Camille; or, the (tacked 
Heart," and thereby hangs a tale. They had heavily bilL 
the city, and their posters were gorgeous affairs. Busini 
business, and the proprietors of a new 7 glue who were just stall- 
ing a patent sticking fluid on -the market, pasted their pla< 
under the cracked hearts, with the words: "Let Camille u 
Blank's prepared glue." 

THOMAS W. KEENE.' 

The next week Mr. Thos. W. Keene in Shakespearean plays. 

Emma Abbott follows with her opera company. 

Hermann with his latest sensation "The Automaton Wonders," 
to a ffoocl sized audience. 

Mr. and Mrs. Florence in their specialties. 

Mary Anderson, much improved every way, now gave a series 
of renditions of "Juliet," "Parthenia," "Evadne," and the "Lady 
of Lyons." 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 83 

Fanny Davenport followed her in Shakespearean heroines. 

Pretty, piquant Miss Lotta as "Bob," by far her best charac- 
ter. 

The Yokes Family gave a week's enjoyable entertainment with 
their plays, the "Belles of the Kitchen," "Joe," and <c Fun in a 
Fog." 

THE YEAH OF 1882. 

January 2d, "Joshua Whitcomb," by Mr. Denman Thomp- 
son. 

Robson and Crane came next with "Our Bachelors," and 
"Sharps and Plats." 

Lawrence Barrett in his old roles. 

January 23d, Colville's sensational spectacular drama, "The 
World." 

John Mcl'ullough, and Joe Emmett to large houses in their re- 
spective parts. 

February 24th, the Grand Italian Opera for three nights, "Car- 
men," "Aida," and "Lohengrin," given to large and fashionable 
audiences. 

The genial John Raymond follows in "Fresh," and the inimi- 
table "Col. .Mulberry Sellers." 

Maggie Mitchell next in the "Little Savage." 

Joe Jefferson in his two roles that people never seemed to tire 
of. 

ADA GRAY. 

April 24, for a week, Miss Ada Gray in " East Lynne." Her 
engagement was an utter failure; there were not fifty people in 
the house, and those not of the melting kind. They sat as glum 
as if they were at a funeral waiting for the corpse to be brought 
in. 

May 8, Miss Emily Rigl made a hit in the play of "Her Atone- 
ment." 

MARGARET LARNER AND R. L. DOWNING. 

Miss Margaret Larner, assisted by R. L. Downing, in the "Prin- 
cess of Bagdad." 

No young actor has attained a more enviable reputation than 
Mr. Downing. Commencing at the very foot of the ladder he has 
by earnest and persevering work reached a round where the top is 
in sight. For years he struggled hard in subordinate positions, 
but finally in the support of Mary Anderson he had an opportun- 
ity to develop the ability that was in him, and hislngomar, Huon 
and Cololona compared favorably with the greatest of his prede- 
cessors. His seasons with Joe Jefferson gave him an experience 
in comedy, and his Captain Absolute and John Perrybingle were 
successful efforts. If his development fulfils the promise of his 
early career it will not be many years before R. L. Downing will 
fill the void in the roll of tragedians made by the retirement of 
John McCullcugh. 



84 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATEE. 

There have been given on the boards of the National many- 
amateur operas, the performances having always been presented 
for some worthy charity. Among the operas thus produced may- 
be mentioned "Martha," "Pinafore," "Pirates of Penzance," 
and "Cox and Box," but perhaps the most notable was the 
• "Chimes of Normandy," which was performed by the following 
cast: 

THE CHIMES OF NORMANDY. 
May. 29, 1882. BENEFIT OF SAMUEL G. KINSLEY. 

Serolette , Miss Eva Mills 

Germaine Mrs. E. B. True 

Manette Mrs. Hamilton Adams 

Jearmie Mrs. D. McLeod 

Gertrude Mrs. J. W. Cross 

Susannah Miss Iola Williams 

Henri Mr. John Pugh 

Robert More Mr. J. F. Rule 

Gaspard . Mr. E. B. Hay 

Bailliff Mr. Lewis SeiDOld 

Notary Mr. H. A. Forsman 

Attentats S^VSf, 

Barlow and Wilson's Minstrels opened the autumn campaign 
of September 4, 1882. 

McKee Rankin, followed by a play called "49." 

Bartley Campbell's "Galley Slave," was brought out for the 
first time by a New York Company, and scored an unqualified 
success. 

Kiralfy Bros, to jammed houses and enthusiastic audiences with 
the old but welcome "Black Crook." It showed that the Wash- 
ington people never get tired of a spectacular play when well 
mounted and with a fine "corps de ballet." It is only the cheap 
imitations they kick so against. 

October 9, Bartley Campbell's "White Slave," to a fine and 
applauding audience. 

Collier's "Lights O' London," did a rushing business for a 
week. 

Brooks and Dickson's Dramatic Company, in "The World." 
followed by N. C. Goodwin and E. F. Thome, in the "Black 
Flag." 

The great tragedienne Modjeska, again trod the boards of the 
National, in "As You Like It," and "Frou Frou." The society 
people turned out en masse, and she furnished a topic of conver- 
sation among the haut ton for a nine days period. 

Joe Jefferson, as "Rip" and "Bob." 

Then Thomas W. Keene, in "Richard" and "Hamlet," who 
played during the Christmas holidays to good houses. 

THE YEAR OF 1883. 

Miss Mary Anderson opened the new year with her various 
roles. Her success was acknowledged by every one of the thea- 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER, 85 

ter habitues, and a Washington audience is certainly the coolest, 
most fastidious one in the Union, like Iago they are "nothing, if 
not critical." 

Little Miss Lotta, again c ias "Bob," in breeches. 

January 15, Robson an Crane, in a laughable play called 
"Forbidden Fruits." 

February 26, Lawrence Barrett appeared with a new tragedy, 
by Hon. George Boker, called "Francesca da Rimini," a realiza- 
tion of Dante's celebrated story. Barrett had played in the Na- 
tional for years in various heroic roles, with distinguished 
success, but on that February night the Washington play 
goers were destined to be astonished, as they were never aston- 
ished before. The troupe supporting Barrett was an exception- 
ally strong one. F. C. Moseby took the part of Guido Da Polenta, 
the head of the Ghebelins; Louis James, as Pepe, the Jester; B. 
G. Rogers, as Malatestan, Lord of Rimini; Francesca, by the beau- 
tiful Marie Wainwright, and Ritta, by Ada Plunkett. 

The acting of Barrett was natural and easy in the two first acts; 
he rose in passion in the third, but in the fourth scene, in the in- 
terior of the celebrated Cathedral at Rimini, when the marriage 
of Guido's daughter takes place, he ascended to the very acme of 
passionate acting. He was superb. Such intensity, such rage, 
horror and hatred; such delineation of a storm tossed soul, the 
stage of the old theater never witnessed before. The audience 
were amazed. Could that be Barrett? Impossible. In the last act 
and scene he was appalling, when he came into the chamber 
armed with the dagger, disordered in mind, driven on to seek a 
blind vengeance for treachery that the gods themselves could not 
pardon; he was a ghastly spectacle; his complexion pallid, his 
voice inarticulate, his eyes like burning coals of fire. He stops 
short, irresolute; his countenance changes, then over the face steals 
the horrible repulsive remembrance; it hardens, becomes fixed; the 
rigid hand clutches the poniard, the other seeks the heart and 
trembles at finding it, for the memory of many years rushes over 
him and rises like a veil of tears between his vengeance and the 
woman he loved. The right pla had found the right man at last, 
and the tumultuous applause showed Barrett that he had attained 
the proud position of one of the greatest tragedians that the new 
world had ever produced. Among the great debuts of great actors, 
his can be counted, and "Da Rimini," will always hereafter be in- 
separably connected with the name of Lawrence Barrett. 

Barrett's great faculties have in this play full sway; he renders 
hate so terribly, irony so frightfully, disdain so contemptuously, 
devotion so entrancing, love so inexpressibly sweet; while the 
whole house rivet their eyes, hold their breath, as their hearts 
throb under the mystic influence. Francesca, the daughter of 
Guido, Lord of Ravenna, was given by her father in marriage to 
Lanciotto, Lord of Rimini, a man hideously deformed. Afraid 
of disgusting his bride, Lanciotto resolved to woo by proxy, and 
•sent as his representative his brother Paolo, who was the hand- 



86 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

somest and most accomplished cavalier in Italy. He won the 
bride's heart, and, forgetful of his "brother's trust mined her, and 
Lanciottafinding"out_the betrayal, in his maddening rage, put both 
of them to death. 

Madame Janauschek follows as "Marie Antoinette." 

April 2, John T. Raymond in a new play called "In Paradise." 
It was a weak production, and the press damned it with faint 
praise. 

Maggie Mitchell again in same old roles. 

April 16, Miss Catherine Lewis caused a sensation, altogether of 
a pleasant kind, in "Olivette," and she proved one of the best pay- 
ing cards of the season. 

Herman d with his diabolistic tricks came after her. • 

The season was closed by a regular rousing outpouring of Mr. 
Sam Kinsley's numerous friends who attended his benefit, the 
Washington Operatic Association giving "Pinafore" in unsur- 
passed style, with Miss Eva Mills as Josephine. 

The minstrels as usual opened the fall season. 

September 10, 1883, "East Lynne" again. 

Mr. John Jack as "King Henry the Fourth." If the English 
monarch looked and acted like Mr. Jack, it is no wonder his sub- 
jects rebelled. 

Miss Kate Claxton follows in the "Sea of Ice." 

October 1, Bartley Campbell's play of "Siberia," was brought 
out in fine style, and has become the most popular of all his pro- 
ductions. 

The Hess Opera Company next. Miss Abbie Carrington made 
a most favorable impression in the role of "Martha." 

The "Romany Rye" did a large business for a week, and they 
were followed by Ihe "Silver King" to small houses. 

Raymond and Maggie Mitchell in their respective parts. 

December'10, Lawrence Barrett to a "crush" in "Da Rimini." 

Mr. James O'Neil came after in "Monte Cristo." 

"In the Ranks," by a travelling company, was presented, finely 
mounted, and well played, and met with deserved success. 

THE YEAR OP 1884. 

Joe Jefferson in his old roles. He gave one rendition of Caleb 
Plummer, in the "Cricket on the Hearth," which many think is 
his strongest character. Full audiences greeted him. 

Jan. 21, 1884, John McCaul's Opera Company, in the "Queen's 
Lace Handkerchief." The music of f Lis production is light and 
frothy- the sceres poor and ineffective. The business was light 
and the audience critical and undemonstrating. 

Mr. and Mrs. Florence in their old characters. 

Mr. John McCullough now makes his last . appearance on the 
boards of the National Theater, which he has graced so long. 
His friends were shocked at the change a few months had made. 
His great vitality had left him, his fire was dimmed, his passion, 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 87 



subdued, and he played aimlessly. His Virginias was * tftiaUer 

exhibition of his failing powers He was a wreck, but a magBifi 
cent one still. As the curtain fell on the night of the 24th oi 
February, 
1884, upon the 
battle scene of 
"Richard the 
Third," many 
of the audi- 
ence thought 
then that they 
were taking 
their last look 
at him. 

Poor John 
McCullough — 
a born actor — 
a good friend 
and princely 
gentleman. 
His loss will 
long be felt ; 
his epitaph 
should be like 
that of Sir 
Launcelot of 
Greeves. 

John Mc- 
Cullough 
probably en- 
joyed more 
personal pop- 
ularity than 
any acter who 
ever trod the 
American 
stage. Genial 
in disposition, 
easy and af- 
able in man- 
ner, he had a 
wealth of good 
fellowship, 
which made 
him a most de- 
lightful COm- 1 RIVATE BOX DECORATION. 

panion, and 

won the esteem of all with whom he came in contact. \V ithout gen- 
ius butwith great talent, and possessing the advantages of a classi- 




68 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

cal face and magnificent physique, his acting, though traditional 
and imitative, being modeled on that of his precepter Edwin For- 
rest, was conscientious and earnest, and his splendid stsge pres- 
ence was sufficient compensation to the masses for his deficient 
mentality. No critic wished to say harsh things about John, for 
-he was such a jolly good fellow; and it was only when his defects 
were painfully apparent, as in "Hamlet;" that he received anything 
but the kindest treatment. Poor John, noble, manly, generous 
to a fault, his present unfortunate condition is due to his super- 
abundance of animal spirits and his excessive good fellowship. 

It so happened that the first publication of the mental impair- 
ment of McCullough was made by the writer in a daily newspaper 
in this city. Immediately there came an emphatic denial from 
his manager, which was published, and it was hoped that the in- 
formation received as to the tragedian's condition was incorrect. 

But when the actor visited this city the next winter, the truth 
of his mental decadence was evident to all. The writer visited 
him in his dressing room and was shocked at the great change in 
the man He appeared moody and preoccupied, and repeated him- 
self over and over again in conversation. Once he tried to bright- 
en up and be his old self, but the attempt was a dismal failure 
and the expression of his face settled back into the dull, leaden, 
far away look it had worn before. As I came out to the front of 
the theater I said to his agent; "That man will never play another 
season. It is a crime to let him play now." 

His present sad state is sincerely regretted, not only by those who 
knew him personally and who loved him, but by thousands who 
only were acquainted with him over the footlights. With shat- 
tered intellect, and with his glorious form enfeebled and shrunk, 
the time is not far distant when he must shuffle off this mortal 
coil and go to "that bourne from whence no traveler returns." 

The following is the cast of the last performance of McCullough 
in this city. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 89 

NJLIIOITAL THEATER. 

The eminent Tragedian Mr. 

JOHN McCULLOUCH, 

Supported by a Fowerful Company, under the Management of 

Wm. M Conner. 
Saturday evening, February U, Shakespeare's Tragedy, in 5 Acts, entitled 

RICHARD III. 

Ri L chm ond L0STER, afterwards Kiu ^ Ri <*ard in John~M^m~o^ 

Henry IV .7 '. '.'.'. '/.". '.*. V/.V. J °4 ei i h ^aworth 

Buckingham V H< A T - L , an J" d . on 

Prince of Wales .! WW";;.';. vSStr^ e 

Duke of York ... " vStA" 16 

Catsby -Frank Thropp 

Stenley ^ix ' 5 arto £ 

Tressel " J " H ^ fe £? wel J 

Norfolk ■**• fet . u art 

Radcliff .'.'.'.*.'." .'.'.'.'.' Edward Spencer 



jS^^r...::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;^^ 

Tvrrel Edward W llson 

Oxford .'."*." William Haworth 



Blount."."..'..*.'.'.';.". '•"■ Robert Prichard 

Officer '" w b -^ horpe 

o^nEjizabeth.:::;:-;;;:::;;;-";'.;;;.;.':^^^ 

please lemam seated and avoid an interruption of the performance. 
cr^ded a hLses. Mr ' HeMy Abb6y ' S Ita " an °P e ''^Compa ny ^ 

HENKY HIVING AND MISS ELLEN TERRY. 

w^M- 6 ™* 0f rr March the g re at English actor Henry Irving, 
with Miss Ellen Terry, stepped before the footlights and faced an 
audience any actor on earth would be proud to meet. The play 
was Louis XI.,' and living's peculiar mannerism, while it 
dimmed his great talent, yet could not obscure it. But for Miss 
tTw™ T i the ™ wer . e not words strong enough to express the 
pieasuie and satisfaction that her exquisite acting gave Her 
W ella 1 an , d Portia were incomparable, and the enthusiasm so 
long corked up by witnessing indifferent plays, now burst out in 
laplurous applause at her splendid renditions, 
princely eDgagement was a § reat success; their receipts were 

M^f U ^ ganger followed in a play called "Claire and the Forge 
JfJ J As tar as 8n exhibition of expensive toilettes worn bv 
miss Maude wtre concerned, the play was a success. Only a few 
people were brave enough to sit the drama out. 
March 14, Emmett in his favorite characters 



90 HISTORY OF T\IE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Dion Boucicau't in his threadbare play, "The Shaugraun," fol- 
lowed by M. B. Curtis as "Sam'l of Posen." 

Edwin Thome in the blood curdling and crimson current chil- 
ling play of "The Black Flag." 

April 21, Emma Abbott's Opera Company, in which Signor 
Tagliapetra scored a great success. 

' RAPLEY AND KINSLEY, MANAGERS. 

The National opened September 8, with Rapley and Kinsley, 
lessees and managers. Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels 
led off the ball, followed by Miss Lizzie May Ulmer, Mr. Frank 
Mayo, Janauschek, M'lle Aimee respectively, in their usual roles, 
with no new features. 

Shook and Collier combination on November 3, in "Storm Beat- 
en." 

Then came the Milan Opera Company, with all good artists. 

November 17, the Madison Square Company, in Conway's play 
of "Called Back," to a big business. 

Agnes Booth next, in the "Wages of Sin." 

"The Shadows of a Great City," proved a strong card and drew 
fine audiences. 

Joe Jeff erson for the hundredth time in same ancient characters. 

"The Pavements of Paris," to small houses. 

Christmas week, "The Private Secretary," to a huge audience. 
This play was a pronounced success from the start and grew steadily 
in popular favor. 

The end of the old year, "Young Mrs. Winthrop." 

THE YEAR OF 1885. 

The opening of 1885, was marked by Florence, in his "Mishty 
Dollar." 

January 12, the beautiful and accomplished M'lle Rhea, in an en- 
gagement to standing room only, the play was Howard Carroll's 
"American Countess." 

"May Blossom" by the Madison Square Company to very poor 
houses. 

A real sensation was Mestayer's "We, Us & Co." a jumble of 
odds and ends, yet irresistibly funny, and drew the people to the 
theater in crowds. 

February 2, Fanny Davenport as "Fedora." 

February 9, Louis Aldrich in "My Partner" to a few small 
houses. 

On Thursday, January 19, "The Elks," a Washington organi- 
zation, had a benefit at the theater in which the city St. Cecelia 
Quartette took part. 

The last play that was performed on the boards of the old 
National was "Victor Durand," by Wallack's New York Com- 
pany. About three hours after the end of the performance, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1885, the National caught fire from some unexplained 
cause and was soon in ruins. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 91 

A most striking and wonderful coincidence about those disas- 
ters, was the fact that each destruction of the theater occurred 
just about, or a little previous, to the time of the inauguration of 
a President, namely: Polk, Buchanan, Grant and Cleveland, in 
the years 1845, 1857, 1873, and 1885. 

The Victor Durand Company lost all of their wardrobe. Agnes 
Elliott's was valued at $2,500; Louise Dillon's $1,000; M.Gothold's 
$500; Rollin Buckstone's, $1,500; and Mr. Brunestein's, the man- 
ager of the company, at least $12,000. 

Mr. Rapley's actual loss was many thousands of dollars, and 
the prospective damage cannot well be estimated in dollars and 
cents. Just at the busiest season of the year, and at a time when 
the installation of a new President brought tens of thousands of 
strangers to the city that would have jammed his theater and paid 
royal dividends, he lost his theater; and as he stood at the smold- 
ering ruins he must have felt like giving up in utter despair. But 
the same feeling that nerved Stanley to penetrate through the 
dark continent, and Swain to force his way across the Isthmus of 
Darian, impelled Mr. Rapley, for the second time, to rebuild the 
theater, and to take a bond of fate. 

He deserves the sincere thanks and cordial recognition of the 
citizens of the capitol city, and he will receive them unstinted, 
and a most liberal patronage. 



CHAPTER VII. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW THEATER. 

The New National is one of the finest buildings in the Union. 
All that mechanics and the arts could furnish have been lavishly 
used, and Mr. "W. W. Rapley can gaze with a lofty feeling of pride 
upon the completion of his work. 

The devices for the safety of the audience in any conceivable 
emergency are so complete that no accident could happen. 

The building was commenced on the last day of April, 1885, 
because May 1st fell on Friday, and there is no man, be he Guelph or 
Gueberline, who would not prefer to start in a new enterprise, or 
depart on a long voyage on any other time in the week but hang- 
man's day. 

By the first of September the builders finished their portion of 
the work, and then the decoraters took a hand, and in five weeks 
the interior was completed. 

The entrance to the dress circle is twenty- eight feet wide, and is 
reached through the lobby, handsomely and tastefully decorated. 

The size of the auditoriums are 16 by 80, and will seat fully 
nineteen hundred people. Before and behind the scenes is divided 
by an asbestos fire proof stage curtain that would effectually, in 
a case of fire, prevent its spread towards the front of the house. 

The lobby is tiled with alternate diamonds of white and black 
marble, on each side of which are ladies' and gentlemen's waiting 
rooms, where refreshments are served in the best style. - 

The lobby is separated from the theater by massive mahogany 
folding doors. The stage is both spacious, wide and deep, and as 
the floor rises with a strong elevation rearward, the view to the 
stage is perfect from all parts of the house. The chairs in the 
house are twenty-( ne inches between the arms. Thus giving 
an easy seat even to a two hundred and fifty pounds avoirdupois; 
there is wide spaces between the rows so that the late comer 
will not cause inconvenience. The floor of the orchestra is laid 
with heavy Wilton carpet. 

The theater is brilliantly lighted. A splendid chandelier, 
hanging from the center of the roof, contains one hundred 
burners, with attachments for lighting by electricity, and also for 
incandescent lights. 

The green room is fourteen feet square and superbly furnished. 
There are twenty-four dressing rooms beside a large trunk 
room for baggage. There are three rooms for the stars, eleven 
feet square. 

The whole interior of the theater is finished in bright 
cherry, embossed with gilt, and the ceiling elegantly and taste- 
fully frescoed 

The building is heated with steam throughout. 
The theater in its appurtenances cost a small margin over 
two hundred thousand dollars. 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 93 

And as the eye.gaze roves around, taking in all the details of 
beauty, style and comfort, we can surely afford to congratulate the 
liberal owner of the theater, who presents to the citizens of the 
country a theater which is not only a thing of pride to the Wash- 
ington citizens, but also an ornament to the Capital of the mighti- 
est nation on the globe. 

MR. W. H. RAPLEY, MANAGEB. 

Mr. W. H. Rapley, who is now the sole manager of the Na- 
tional Theater, is in the prime of manhood, being twenty- eight 
years of age. He was born in the District, and educated first at 
Hanover in Germany, and then, on his return to this country, he 
was appointed to a cadetship at West Point. After a residence at 
the Military Academy for two years, he came to the conclusion 
that there was not a sufficient fortune for an officer of the army 
in time of peace, so he resigned, and returning here assumed 
the management of his father's stove business. For five years he 
was also treasurer of the Theater, and last year assumed the 
management of the house, associating' with him Mr. Sam'l G. 
Kinsley, who had long been the business manager for the former 
lessee. 

Mr. Rapley possesses a splendid physique, being over six feet 
in height, hansomely proportioned, and weighing about 220 lbs. 
He has a frank, manly countenance, and is justly popular on ac- 
count of his obliging nature and affable temperament. He in- 
herited much of his father's business sagacity, and is fully con- 
versant with all the details of theatrical management. A success- 
ful managerial career may be predicted for him. 

WHERE THE THEATER STANDS. 

The site of the National Theater of the present day is simply 
unrivalled; there is no spot of ground in Washington that contains 
such varied advantages as this favored temple of histronic art, 
situated close enough to attract the multitude that throng Penn- 
sylvania avenue, yet far enough off to be away from the surging 
crowds that often jam the streets. It is the very center of the city 
proper; surrounded by the business crafts and commerce on one 
arc, and by the fashion and money on the other half of the circle, 
it attracts alike the sturdy artizan, as well as the "average man" 
with no occupation in life except to cut coupons off of his 
bonds. It is within walking distance of all the high grade hotels; 
it is the confluence of several lines of horse cars, that either pass 
the door, or a few steps away from the main track in the avenue 
that connect with every line in the District, and ribbons the streets 
with its steel rails, and thus citizens from the most remote parts 
of the city can reach their homes after the performance without 
trouble or delay. The street where the theater stands that unites 
with Pennsylvania avenue at 14th street, some fifty yards from the 
National, seems to have been laid out especially for a theater, as 
there is but little traffic in this side street, and it is a most fitting 
place for the waiting equipages in the night time, free from any 



94 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL Tfl 

agons, omnibusses, i r herdics, who take the.pul Iks avenue I 

preference. , . , , 

The reason why the National Is pular with the 

Washington is patent to all who think for a moment on t: 
iect It is a link that binds the Washingtoniana to the .tram 
past. It is the oldest place of amusement In th< 
greatest artists of the world have trod its boards. It I 
and a temple without traditions, lacks lU 

a place that the forefathers of the present generatiou went when 
they were young, and they have handed down many kindly senti- 
ments and oral reports of the palmy time when the old and new 
world sent its most brilliant talent to the Nation's Capit 
is no great actor of the modern era whose aame Is not In ibly 

connected with the National Theater; an I Is that the pu 

love the immortal part of it, the soul as it were, that BUF 
and hallows the Bpot, even though the bod) Is burned, 
structure arises ami opens wide it- doors loan appreciative publl< 
It may not he the same boards, the same ime l> 

where Forrest, (ushman, Booth the kings and queen "t" the 
divine art held the people in BpeechlesB awe. or boist< at 

the one -pot on earth i- the -aim-, and neither Are oor \\ in 

obliterate it nor erase it- •_: 1< »ii<>u> memories. It Is historic ground, 
sacred to tin- memory <>t" Thalia, Terpsichore and Melpomene. 

The National Theater, either in Its old form or in a nev 
will endure as long a- Washington Is a Capital. Like the 
arena of the Seven Hill'd City, it will at future relic of 

the Nations greatness 

TIMES I HANOI 

Fifty years is not Ion.-- in the history of a city or a th< 
what a difference in the New National from the flrsl buildii 
erected in 1835. They had lamps then for light. Gas did i 
come until years later, and, s >tch Bettie Cameron in speak 

ing of it: ,"'lf it's not enchantment, It's much like it. in 
being fashed with wicks, you just turn a bit t thing and 

out spouts a light, like sour milk out of s barrel. I wish th< 
muckle luck o' it, but it will be awhile afore my gude man catch 

me darning his stocking wi' a witch taper at chimney P. 
"What would Miss Betta say about the electric li. 
The theater habitue of 1835 would open his ey 

wonder, could he see the revolvi] : to day, an 

the arrival of the train and departure of t 
of the spectacular plays would make him 
nificence. 



H'lSTOm "1 rHE NEW NATIONAL THEATER, 







Thouffh a Frenchwoman, Madamoiselle has spent several years in 

Lmerica, and in a measure we have adopted her Certainly she 

will find nowhere in the wide world more sincere friends and loyal 

admirers than in this country. 

A brilliant genius enclosed in an adorable fair, as bylvia says: 

I- - ie qo1 passing fair. 
Rhea, as •■Juliet," is lovely; fche has thesweetDess of the violet, 
the nurity of the lily and the grace and tenderness of a child. Her 
acting is natural-never stilted: and the human emotions are pre- 
lined by her genius and trained art, with the same fidelity that 
the camera portrays a scene or landscape. In her tender roles she 
appears probably at her best- 
Each look, each motion waked 
A new torn grace. 



96 BTSTORY OF THE NEW NATION \l. PHI \ 

Tii vv PUTURB 

The stage is just inside the charmed portals who 
genius and labor. And never in the annals of the stage are Buch 
princely guerdons held outto those who dare to pass it. In no 
other profession of life is recompense and requital bo liberal as 
the dram uic art gives to its votaries. The demand for g 
far exceed the supply; and millions of people are ready to 
the true artist with all the encouragement and aid within their 
power. The dramatic instinct is inherent in man. Theloveof g 
acting is a part of his being, and now that the high< r civill I 
has recognized the actor as the peer of tb itesl man on earth, 

and the art of portraying the passions of humanity as the mosl 
elegant and refined of all others, bo the being who is gifted by 

. I with these trail-, will find fame and fortune, and lei Ufl hope 
happiness, before the footlights. 

In the coming theater, whose curtain is rolled up 
the first time, what a history now in the WOmb of time, '""re 

it. On these boards who Ie destined to play upon men — 

]'r. >in tin' l"\v 

Perchance a supe— or soubrette — who knowe Like Kean he 
may now Bleep on a di ;» for lack of wh [thai to pay hi- 

lodgin Like Neilson -he may he wan leriiiL r about tin' 
crying with hunger. And the New N I will '»•• tfa 

where her transi ins will bl ize out in all Its d iz 

splendor. 

•Hi'- nil unki i-l, 

the mantle 
An< 1 walk in - 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 97 

ZtsT-EW ISTATIOI^AL T IHI IE .A. T IE IR, . 



mm el Q. Kinsley B, -ink-- Mwvuer 



Monday Evening, October 5th, 1835, tor one week only. 
Tip- Distinguished Emotional Actress, 

K 11 K A 

And her Unrivalled Company, under tin' management of Mr. J. W. 

Morrissey, will appear in a grand production of the new 

Romantic Comedy-drama by Barron ami Bates, au- 

th< >ra of •' a M' tral Crime," enl it I 

LA l> V A - ll L E V . 

Produced with m; •■ \ni> magnificeni scenery, - i-ebb stage effects, 
ggrjeoi'S cos - , and the following distbibution of < •; k \< pebs: 

Lai i Rhea 

Ladj Norman Miss Ella Wren 

Margarel Vernon M — Mae Clark 

Mr-. Walters Miss Julia Wheeler 

•tha Miss Annie Mackay 

Lord Neil Norman Mr. A . ll. Forrest 

Major Drummond Mr. J. T. Sullivan 

Jacob Mr. R G.Wilson 

Dr. Burgle Mr. C. T. Vincent 

Eudson Mr. Boyd Putman 

Marcellus Mr. Percy Si 



Ai 1' I. Faciiiati.'ii. 

ACT II.— Adoration. 

act III.— Revelation. 

ACT IV Expiration. 



Business Manager I. W. McKinney 

Stage Manager A. C. Hilsdorf 

the ak .rv. KM'. 

Margaret Vernon, by the death of an uncle, falls heir to Ashley Mam >r, 
a v;i>; possession in England. The terms "t" the will provided that if the 
son of Sir Robert Ashley, who was sent to India at an early age, died un- 
married ami childless, Margaret, a niece of Sir Robert, would i come the 
legal heir. Charles, the son, died in India as a bachelor, and Margaret was 
installed as mistress of Ashley Hall. By her acts of charity and benevo- 
lent i by her self-abnegat ion ami good will toward tin' poor, and through 
hersweel and amiable nature, she endears herself to all with whom sjie 
comes in contact. Lady Norman, a wealthy neighbor, becomes her bosom 
friend. Her son, Lord Neil Norman,a young 1 man of artistic and literary 
attainments, is a frequent visitorto Ashley Manor. Margaret falls desper- 
ately but silently in love with him, which is not returned by Neil, though 
by his gentle attentions, she is led to believe him not indifferent to her. 
Mr. Hudson, the family lawyer, appears ujumthe scene, and conveys to 
Margarel t he painful news That her Cousin Charles did marry in India, and 
left a widow and child, who at that moment wei*e in the village. Although 
overwhelmed ' y the intelligence, Margaret acceptsthe issue with womanly 
dignity and spirit, and invites the new heirs to Ashley Manor. Lady Ash- 
ley now enters, and after formal preliminaries, takes possession of the 
estate, at the same time imploring Margaret to remain and continue her 
duty of supervision. Margaret consents, after a struggle with herself, 
solely because by remaining she will still be near Lord Neil. At this crisis, 
Neil enters, his eye meets that of Lady Ashley, and they both become trans- 
fixed with a passionate adoration of each other, which, later on,developes 
into the most uncompromising love. While Margaret feels keenly her 
position, she still remains at the manor, because the love her people bear 



98 bis 

her will nol permit her I W '• ' »'' 

Lady A.shlej is at it- N ' ' 

his appearance Ladj Ashley turns 
condition! Major Drnmmond denoui 
nor tin' w< 'man who ma 
dian bungalow, and was -till In Ii 
death i if Bir R> »t>erl , 1 
flicts with I.' »rd N< irman's h 

ing under the hum nation oil '' 

lover, Lady Ashley loses her r< 
die^ in Neil's arms. 



ADDR1 5H 

\i TBI 

OPENING OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEA1 

VfASHINOTOS D • . 

Mi 



Writt. D by i 



Bp >k< n bj Mise Ji ia Win 



Here wh( re i d) 

Disaster came with fli 

With cruel band its r 

And Havi 

Behold a Phoenix from * 

Behold the dr una's i odld ) 

Aladdin'a palsy lit. 

Arose to prove the 

A Bummi i - e niml 

To shelter fairies in palatial bomi 

Our builders, chary equally of 

Present this palace to admirii 

While yet the waste of ashi ild 

They have wroughl mar-. 1 ; 

So swift, so sure has been their v -kill. 

So strong has Fate been held to do their will. 

That here, to-night, in this resplendent fai 

The smiling Muses arc "At Borne In. 

Now it were well to beed the - 

Cull rich memories fr< storehouse v 

See how the Drama. Servant ;r Truth, 

Has solaced age, and safely guided youth; 
In ancient Greece, in grandest da] 
Conserving morals, purifying hon 
Then came Eclipse— tb ro 3 drear 



HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 99 

Mi- I hrama, hashed the voice of oonsr; 
Wrapt in Buch darkness thai it could be felt, 
i at the Btrange shrines <>f dumb idols knelt: 

1 • -it- w.Tr the glories of the ancient days, 

Hom< : m i : - 1 Virgil do more sang their lays; 
Plato unknown. Bethlehem's -tar not come. 
The world in gloom was Superstition's home. 
When anxious man had long Bought light in vain, 
Aj 'he parched mead< urn for fruiting rain; 

When light came, and the Btar of Promise rose, 
I i shine as the Bun from the Zenith glows, 
First born of hope, the Drama came to serve 
With tireless brain, stout heart, and lasting nerve, 
Man's full advancement to the highest plane; 
To raise him from depths where hail dormant lain 
Hi- better self — 1<> place him without stain 

Whin- all the so* log j ields not chair, hut grain. 

Shakesp< an- to fair faith, and to Hope gave voice, 

B ide all mankind in truer life rejoice; 

Taught how from prompting of the heart within 

< »in of nature makes the whole world kin; 

I ' ■ .-. but was Virtue's Slave 

W Itu -• in p ! isb put h arranl knave; 

sated } this of oun 

1 im*e t.. \p: ii uent Bhowers; 

lormant into rragranl bloom, 
With light serene dispelling wii ter's gloom. 
A- ■ - ' morning rend the Bhroud of niirht, 
Thus did he ■'how the drama's magic might; 
Thu>- From the mind took o imbing pall; 

Thus led a groping race from out all thrall. 
Was Faithful to weal of both (hutch and state, 
Made Nice od Virtue obedient wait. 

beneath this new and spacious dome, 
V itles the drama in it- splendid home, 

Sere will it- lessons in the coming years. 
Move throngs to laughter, or compel to tears; 
Heir will the key note* of all passions sweep, 
A.8 the wilil winds the hosom of the deep. 
Here be bond maiden to eternal truth, 
Her.- \y - ife beacon to the tempted youth; 
Here surely guide us in the oleasant path 
That leads aside from sin. and shame, and wrath; 
Here modest purity on all entail: 
Here kindly hush misfortune's croning wail; 
H( ' drawn the poison from sin's serpent tooth; 
Here uphold Charity, and Love, and Truth; 
Here '1" the work that Go,] gives man to do; 



100 HISTORY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 

Cast down the false, ever uphold the true; 
Here purify, and here make bright, and clean, 
As a fair river with its shimmering sheen. 

Here paint all Nice in colors to repel, 

Here with the virtues in full concord dwell; 

Here grey griefs throttle and all joys enhance, 

Here with quick fancy's quaint conceits entrance; 

Here give to dust that "is a little gilt" 

Satires bright blade, and blade unto the hilt, 

Here always "aim at folly as it flies," 

Here build for wrong a lasting Bridge of Sighs ; 

Here faithful mirror hold to nature up, 

Here take the bitter dregs from sorrow's cup; 

Here budding childhood and old age delight, 

Here giye fair visions to expectant sight. 

This is our task— this we shall strive to do- 
Offer our patrons all that's bright and new; 
No laggards, we, biding behind our day, 
To vex the night with some trite, worthless play. 
What in the new is good here will be found, 
Yet sometimes will we roam familiar ground. 
Our aim be always to instruct, delight, 
To lead from darkness into blithesome light. 
Bidding hearty welcome to this vast throng, 
With drama bright, and subtle charm of song, 
We promise pleasures always royal cheer 
To all who are, or ever may be, here. 



BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS. 

A.. B. MtrLLETT Architect for the Front 

-J. B. McElfatrick & Sons, of N. Y. & St. Louis, Architect for 
the Theater, 

Samuel S. Hunt - Superintendent 

Gade & Meyer Contractors for Brick Work 

; Childs & Sons Bricks 

J. Veihmeyer Stone 

E. N. Gray & Co .Iron 

Geo. A. Shehan Lumber 

Dan'l Smith & Son Sash, Doors and Blinds 

W. E. Spaulding & Co Painting 

A. A. Praell. . . . •. Wood Carver Interior Decoration 

Mme. M. E. Bingaman Drapery for Boxes 

L. Baessell & Son Frescoing 

Jos. Thomas Stairs and Lobby Finish 

.Emmick & Quartley , Lobby Decorators 



HISTOEY OF THE NEW NATIONAL THEATER. 101 

C. B. Demorest Chairs 

Jas. Lockhead Plumbing and Steam -Fitting 

Cassidt & Son Gas Fixtures 

Smith, Bridge & Co: Electric Appliances 

Whittier & Co Boilers and Elevator 

Henry E. Hoyt Drop Curtain 

Chalmers Spence Co Asbestos Fire Proof Curtain 

J. F. Manning & Co Tiles 

McLaughling & Co Concrete and Pavement 

Whi te & Overman ..... Galvanized Iron Cornices 

Miquel Aleo Mirrors 

Julius Lansburgh Carpets 

Cheeney & Hewlitt Interior Iron work 

Einbigler & Adler. Brass and Nickle work 

L. H. Schneider & Sons ...Hardware 

John Humphrey Superintendent of Plasterers 



roster of officials. 

The full Roster of officials and employes both in front of the 
house and behind the curtain, is as follows: 

W. H. Rapley Sole Manager 

Samuel G. Kinsley Business Manager 

Chas. A. Shaw Ticket' Agent 

Hank Schlosberg Messenger 

Chris Arth .Leader of Orchestra 

W. H. Romaine Main Doorkeeper 

James Jamison Dress Circle Doorkeeper 

John RiORDaN ... Gallery Doorkeeper 

R. E. Vennerman. Special Officer 

ushers. 

James Craerin, Walter Bradford, 

J. Barratt Spauldtng, A. B. Griffith, 

Zeff Schlosberg, Henry Wallace. 

Henry A. Sauter Master Machinist 

John G. Buss Scenic Artist 

John E. Williams Master of Properties 

Walter Lockhead Gas Engineer 

Alfred Specht Master of Supernumeraries 

Albert Johnson Engineer 

Margaret Russell lanitr ess 



tAWING I POINTING MATERIA 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION 

For ARTISTS, 

ENGINEERS and 

DRAUGHTSMEN, 



FINE BRUSHES FOR OIL AND WATER COLORS. 
ARTISTS' FINE OIL COLORS IN TUBES, 

ARTISTS' FINE WATER COLORS, 
ARTISTS PREPARED CANVASS, 

DRAWING PAPERS, ALL KINDS, 

CHARCOAL & CRAYON DRAWING MATERIALS, 

DECORATIVE PLA.OQUBS ANTD PANELS, 

SUPPLIES FOR CHINA PAINTING, 

MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, 

ARCHITECTS' AND ENGINEERS' SUPPLIES, 

BLUE PROCESS PAPER. 

FRED. A. SCHMIDT, 

B04 . N. W. 



All Kinds of Literary Work at the Shortest Notice. 



Descriptive Pamphlets of Railroads, Summer 

Resorts, Winter Sanatoriums, Hotels, and at- 
tractive Advertisements a specialty. 

Address — 

ALEX. HUNTER. 

828 13th Street. N. W., 

Washington, D. C. 



STRICTLY ONE PRICE. 



LANSBURGH & BRO., 

42i), 422, 424 and 426 Seventh Street, 

Tlie Largest Dry Goods House Sontn of Philadelphia. 


















if""!! 



1H 



^c-^ 



Silks, Velvets, Dress Goods, Mourning Goods, Under- 
wear of every description. Cloaks of our own manufacture. 



W. Wiivte. B> overman. 

Whyte & Overman, 

Qalvai}i%ed Ifor} Coi^ide^ 
Window Cans, Dormer Windows, Ornamental Zinc Worlf, 

AND ALL KINDS OF .CHUPvCH TRIMMINGS, 

For Durability and Cheapness superior to Wood or Stone. 
Specimens of our Work can be seen on all principal Buildings in 
the City. 



Office, Corner- Thirteenth and C Sis., N. W., 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 




The U.S. Medical Institute. 

Office and Reception Parlors, No. 922 F 
St., bet. 9th and 10th, N. W., "Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

W. W. HEBBARD, A. M., M, D., LL D., 

President and Surgeon. 

H. 0. CANDEE, M. D., V. D., 

Vice-President and Actuary 

We employ the best health resources of nature, scientifically applied, 
through Vital Nervaura, Electricity. Vegetahle Remedy, Pood and Drink 
Cure, Water, Air. Heat, Light, Ozone, Electric Vapor Baths, &c. 

WE TREAT ALL DISEASES. 

P. S.— Our Great POOD AND DRINK CURE is one of the most wonder- 
ful hfe-givmg restoratives that has ever been presented to the afflicted 
public heretofore in the world. Good in all cases of deMlity. 

Lectures illustrated on all Diseases— Acute or Chronic, by the Faculty 
of the Institution. Religious Service every afternoon by Drs. Hebbard 
and Candee at 2 o'clock, at Grand Army Hall, corner of L and 7th Sts. 

CONSULTATION FREE, 



THE ELLIS MUSICAL EMPORIUM 



/~\NE of the most complete musical establishments in 
^^ this country is that of the well known linn of John 
F. Ellis & Co., No. 937 Pennsylvania avenue. 

The building itself is one of the handsomest and best 
appointed Musical Establishments in tbe United Stat 
being four stories, with imposing Iron front, and runnil 
through from Pennsylvania avenue to ]) street The 
first floor, which, like all the others, ia capacious, well 
lighted and airy, is devoted to the sheet music and small 
musical instruments— including automatic Instruments, 
such as tournaphones, aurephom inettes, organic 

harmonettes, etc. Tin- Btock of music i- Vi PV large and 
complete, consisting ol American and Foreign music 
standard and classic On tin ad floor is the piano 

salesroom, handsomely decorated and si i with avi 
large assortment of square and upright piano, and 01 
Prominent among them, and in fact the Instrument bi 
known to the public ie the Weber piano, an Instrument 
Which as legarda tone, durability and appearance i^ amo] 
the foremost in the world. Messrs. Ellia & I ontrol 
their sale in Washington City and the District <•( Colum 
bia, and Alexandria and the counties of Loudon and 
Fauquier, Virginia. They Bell a!-, other reliable pi 
The Mason & Hamlin organ, of which they control tin 
agency, ia of the • relative excellence as th< R 

piano. They also sell other first, Q8< On the 

third floor are kept pianos and organa for rent. The 
fourth floor is uaed for - an 1 as a ..pair shop. An 

elevator runs from the D street front to the fourth floi 
and a telephone is on the premises. The stock and build- 
ing—free and unencumbered, worth over one hundred 
thousand dollars— is the property of Mrs. John P. Blli 
The business is managed by Mr. Charles B. Bayly, with 
a large corps of competent and courteous assistants. 



J. L0R1NG WHITTWGTON, 

122 1 Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Bookseller, Stationer § Engraver. 



Card Engraving and Wedding Invitations given special 
attention. The latest styles of Fine Stationery con- 
stantly on hand. 

JAMESTOCKHEAD, 

Plumber, Gas and Steam - Fitter, 

A.GENT FOB THE 

Inive.Mil Copper-Lined Tank and Cascade Wak-Closet, 

1404 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N.W., 

WASHINGTON. D. C. 



CHR. XANDER, 

qoc) 7th Street, N. W. 

"WIHSriE CELLARS. 

• 

An experience of 18 years enables me to manufacture 
Wines of excellent merit. Having lately built for this 
purpose, I respectfully invite an inspection of my mode of 
making Wines. Liquors of the finest brands at whole- 
sale only. 

CHR. XANDER, 

909 SEVENTH STREET, N. W. 



SAM'L C. PALMER, 
poda AVator Manufacturer, 



for 



THE VVM. MASSEY Bl 

Philadelphia Ale, Porter and Brown Stout, 



AND 



SCHLITZ'S MILWAUKEE LAGER, 

Depot, 1224 29th Street, Wesl Washington, D. C. 

TELEPHONE No. 161. 



R. H. G HAH AM. 

Carriage Manufacturer, 

410 TO 416 EIGHTH STREET. N. W„ 

J. W. CORNWALL, Manager. 



ALWAYS ON HAND 



Coupes, Victorias, Barouches. Extension Tops, Cab- 
roi lets, Two and Four Seat Rockaways, Top and no 
Top Pony Phaetons,. Buggies, Light Wagons, &c. 



REPAIRING- AT LOWEST RATES. 

CARRIAGES TAKEN ON STORAGE. 



Rupture Positively Cured, 

While the Patient follows his regular occupation. 





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Dr. C. W. H. BURNHAM, 

GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT. 
1 tie Greal si Truss Expert in the World.) 

TRIUMPH TRUSS COMPANY. 

Incorporated under the laws of the state of New York. Prin- 
cipal offices, laboratories and factories, No. 440 Seventh x\ve., 
New York, and 

NATIONAL TRUSS ROOMS, 

(Rooms 1 2 and 6) St, Mart Hotel, Cor, Pa, Aye, and 7th St., 

WASHINGTON, D. C 

Under the patronage of the leading Physicians and Surgeons of 
the World. 

We do not claim we can cure every case of Rupture, Varioco- 
cele, &c, but we can give Relief in all Cases, and Guarantee 
a cure in all cases where a cure is promised and will pay 

E^~$1,000 for a Rupture we FAIL to Cure.^^S 

We have on hand and make to order over 300 styles of Trusses, 
Braces, Female Supporters, &c. Prices astonishingly low. Trial 
free at office. 

Call or stnd stamp for circular and be cured. 



Mrs. Alice Swain Hunter 

WILT. TAKE 

A LIMITED NUMBER OF PUPILS 



FOR 



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For Terms and other particulars, address her at her residence, 
No. 828 18th STREET, N. W., 

T^ASHIITSTOIT, ID. C. 



NAEHR'S 



EESTAUEANT, 



1343 Penn. Ave.. N. W, 



WASHINGTON, D C 



The Strathmore Arms, 

Mrs. MARY S. LOCKWOOD. 



Has been thoroughly renovated, repaired and refur- 
nished. Will be formally reopened on November i, 1885. 



No. 808, 810, 812 Twelfth Street, N. W., 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



MB -3$ 



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K. O. POLKINHOUN'. 



J. 1' .1NHORN. 



ESTABLISHED 1350. 



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632 and 634 D Street, R. W, 

WASHIN3T0N, D. e. 

Kacilifics refnqir)q jrorr) visthnq cards fo rrja'rriirjofh posters. 

cDpecierl loW 3 lo Y^ec' Lorrjpetrr'es. 

Wpife for iSsiinjctl'cs. 



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LCBRARY BINDING 




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ST. AUGUSTINE 
FLA. 

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